Evidence for Single-Electron Pathways in the Reaction between Palladium(II) Dialkyl Complexes and Alkyl Bromides under Thermal and Photoinduced Conditions
作者:Thomas L. Andersen、Søren Kramer、Jacob Overgaard、Troels Skrydstrup
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00893
日期:2017.6.12
Palladium(II) dialkyl complexes have previously been studied for their formation of alkanes through reductive elimination. More recently, these complexes, especially L2Pd-(CH2TMS)(2) derived from Pd(COD)(CH2TMS)(2), have found general use as palladium(0) precursors for stoichiometric formation of oxidative addition complexes through a two-electron reductive elimination/oxidative addition sequence. Herein, we report evidence for an alternative pathway, proceeding through single-electron elementary steps, when DPEPhosPd(CH2TMS)(2) is treated with an alpha-bromo-alpha,alpha-difluoroacetamide. This new pathway does not take place through a palladium(0) intermediate, neither does it afford the expected oxidative addition complexes. Instead, stoichiometric amounts of carbon-centered alkyl radicals are formed, which can be trapped in high yields either by TEMPO or by an arene, leading to alpha-aryl-alpha,alpha-difluoroacetamides. The same overall transformation takes place under both thermal conditions (70 degrees C) and irradiation with a household light bulb (at 30 degrees C). It is also demonstrated that DPEPhosPdMe(2), made in situ from Pd(TMEDA)Me-2, displays a similar initial reactivity. Finally, electronically and structurally different alkyl bromides were evaluated as reaction partners.