Demeclocycline | 127-33-3

• 物质功能分类: 医药中间体 - 原料药中间体
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 四环素类
• 英文名称: Demeclocycline
• 英文别名: (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aR)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide
• CAS: 127-33-3
• 化学式: C₂₁H₂₁ClN₂O₈
• 分子量: 464.9
• InChiKey: GUXHBMASAHGULD-SEYHBJAFSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  176°C (rough estimate)
• 沸点：
  787.1±60.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.3118 (rough estimate)
• 溶解度：
  H2O:1.5(最大浓度 mg/mL);3.23(最大浓度 mM)
• 颜色/状态：
  YELLOW CRYSTALLINE POWDER
• 气味：
  ODORLESS
• 味道：
  BITTER
• 水溶性：
  -2.52
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Raw milk samples collected from bulk milk tankers may be screened for the presence of tetracycline antibiotics using rapid screening tests. If tetracycline residues are detected, the milk may be shipped to a laboratory for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Because the milk may be shipped on ice blocks, it is important to know whether tetracycline residues are stable at that temperature and for how long. Control raw milk samples fortified with 50 ppb each chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline hydrochloride, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline were incubated at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C, then analyzed using a metal chelate affinity chromatography extraction and HPLC. No loss of tetracycline was observed after 48 h of storage at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 25 degrees C. Losses ranging from 4 to 13% and 0 to 18% were noted after 72 h at 4 degrees C and 48 h at 25 degrees C, respectively.
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride & nitrogen oxides/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.7
• 重原子数：
  32
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.38
• 拓扑面积：
  182
• 氢给体数：
  6
• 氢受体数：
  9

ADMET

代谢

肝脏的

Hepatic

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 肝毒性

没有关于去甲氯四环素导致肝损伤的报道发表。然而，去甲氯四环素是一种四环素衍生物，可能会像其他口服四环素一样导致肝损伤。去甲氯四环素的产品标签中提到了肝炎和肝衰竭，但没有提供肝损伤的详细信息。最后，去甲氯四环素会导致肝硬化患者的肾功能恶化，不应用于治疗与慢性肝病相关的低钠血症。 可能性评分：E*（疑似但未证实的临床明显肝损伤原因）。 药物类别：抗感染药物，四环素类

No reports of liver injury due to demeclocycline have been published. However, demeclocycline is a tetracycline derivative and is likely to cause liver injury similar to other oral tetracyclines. Both hepatitis and liver failure are mentioned in the product label for demeclocycline, but details of the liver injury are not provided. Finally, demeclocycline causes worsening of kidney function in patients with cirrhosis and should not be used for hyponatremia associated with chronic liver disease. Likelihood score: E* (suspected but unproven cause of clinically apparent liver injury). Drug Class: Antiinfective Agents, Tetracyclines

来源:LiverTox

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

化合物：地去氧克酸

Compound:demeclocycline

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

DILI标注：模糊的DILI关注

DILI Annotation:Ambiguous DILI-concern

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

严重性等级：3

Severity Grade:3

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

毒理性

• 药物性肝损伤

标签部分：警告和预防措施

Label Section:Warnings and precautions

来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

四环素类容易被吸收。

Tetracyclines are readily absorbed.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

盐酸德美克林（Demeclocycline hydrochloride），与其他四环素类药物一样，主要在肝脏中浓缩，并排入胆汁中，其在胆汁中的浓度远高于血液中的浓度。在正常志愿者单次服用150毫克盐酸德美克林后，有44%（n=8）通过尿液排出，两名患者在96小时内分别有13%和46%以活性药物的形式通过粪便排出。

Demeclocycline hydrochloride, like other tetracyclines, is concentrated in the liver and excreted into the bile where it is found in much higher concentrations than in the blood. Following a single 150 mg dose of demeclocycline hydrochloride in normal volunteers, 44% (n = 8) was excreted in urine and 13% and 46%, respectively, were excreted in feces in two patients within 96 hours as active drug.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 清除

肾小球滤过率=35毫升/分钟/1.73平方米

Renal cl=35 mL/min/1.73 m2

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

四环素在妊娠期间和整个儿童期会沉积在骨骼中。

Tetracyclines are deposited in the skeleton during gestation & throughout childhood. /Tetracyclines/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

四环素类药物在体内广泛分布，包括组织和分泌物，如尿液和前列腺。它们在肝脏、脾脏和骨髓的网状内皮细胞中积累，以及在骨骼、牙本质和未萌出牙齿的牙釉质中。/四环素类药物/

Tetracyclines distribute widely throughout the body & into tissues & secretions, including the urine & prostate. They accumlate in the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, spleen, & bone marrow, & in bone, dentine, & the enamel of unerupted teeth. /Tetracyclines/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  Demeclocycline 以 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 为溶剂， 生成 (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aR)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide;1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Composite electrode, method of producing the same, and lithium secondary battery using the same

  摘要：

  提供一种复合电极，不会失去硫的大容量和高能量密度，并且即使在室温下也能快速进行氧化还原反应。该说明书揭示了一种复合电极，包括含有至少一个巯基或巯基酸盐基团的有机硫化合物、聚苯胺和硫的组成物。

  公开号：

  US06245458B1

文献信息

• Composite Electrode including organic disulfide compound, method of
  申请人：Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US05665492A1

  公开（公告）日：1997-09-09

  A composite electrode in which a complex of an organic disulfide compound and polyaniline is supported by a substrate of metallic copper or silver is disclosed. Also, a composite electrode in which a composition including an organic disulfide compound, polyaniline and a metallic powder of copper or silver is supported by a conductive substrate is disclosed.

  本发明公开了一种复合电极，其中有机二硫化合物和聚苯胺的复合物被金属铜或银的基底支撑。同时，本发明还公开了一种复合电极，其中包括有机二硫化合物、聚苯胺和铜或银金属粉末的组合物被导电基底支撑。
• Composite cathode
  申请人：Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US05518841A1

  公开（公告）日：1996-05-21

  A composite cathode for a battery is disclosed. In addition, a method is disclosed for producing said composite cathode which can be configured in a battery. The method comprises steps or (1) preparing a solution or an organic disulfide compound in 2-pyrrolidone or its derivative, (2) adding polyaniline to the solution to dissolve, thereby obtaining a homogeneous liquid, and then (3) removing at least a part of the 2-pyrrolidone or its derivative from the homogeneous liquid to obtain a solid product wherein the organic disulfide compound and the polyaniline are homogeneously mixed.

  本发明揭示了一种用于电池的复合阴极。此外，还揭示了一种用于制备可配置于电池中的复合阴极的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(1)准备2-吡咯烷酮或其衍生物中的有机二硫化合物的溶液，(2)将聚苯胺加入该溶液中以溶解，从而获得均匀的液体，然后(3)从均匀的液体中至少去除部分2-吡咯烷酮或其衍生物，以获得有机二硫化合物和聚苯胺均匀混合的固体产品。
• Method of producing a composite electrode
  申请人：Matsushita Electronic Industrial Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US05571292A1

  公开（公告）日：1996-11-05

  A method is disclosed for producing a composite electrode which can be configured in a battery. The method comprises steps of (1) preparing a solution of an organic disulfide compound in 2-pyrrolidone or its derivative, (2) adding polyaniline to the solution to dissolve, thereby obtaining a homogeneous liquid, and then (3) removing at least a part of the 2-pyrrolidone or its derivative from the homogeneous liquid to obtain a solid product wherein the organic disulfide compound and the polyaniline are homogeneously mixed.

  本发明公开了一种制备可用于电池中的复合电极的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(1)准备一个有机二硫化物化合物在2-吡咯烷酮或其衍生物中的溶液，(2)将聚苯胺加入溶液中以溶解，从而获得均匀的液体，然后(3)从均匀液体中至少去除2-吡咯烷酮或其衍生物的一部分，以获得有机二硫化物化合物和聚苯胺均匀混合的固体产品。
• Composite electrode, method of producing the same, and lithium secondary battery using the same
  申请人：Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US06245458B1

  公开（公告）日：2001-06-12

  To provide a composite electrode, which does not lose large capacity and high energy density of sulfur and proceeds oxidation-reduction reaction rapidly even at room temperature. There is disclosed in the specification that a composite electrode comprising a composition containing an organic sulfide compound having at least a thiol or thiolate group in the molecule, polyaniline, and sulfur.

  提供一种复合电极，不会失去硫的大容量和高能量密度，并且即使在室温下也能快速进行氧化还原反应。该说明书揭示了一种复合电极，包括含有至少一个巯基或巯基酸盐基团的有机硫化合物、聚苯胺和硫的组成物。