RNase H Active Site Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase: Design, Biochemical Activity, and Structural Information
摘要:
Pyrimidinol carboxylic acids were designed as inhibitors of HIV-1 RNase H function. These molecules can coordinate to two divalent metal ions in the RNase H active site. Inhibition of enzymatic activity was measured in a biochemical assay, but no antiviral effect was observed. Binding wits demonstrated via a solid state structure of the isolated p15-Ec domain of HIV-1 RT showing inhibitor and two Mn(II) ions bound to the RNase H active site.
RNase H Active Site Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase: Design, Biochemical Activity, and Structural Information
摘要:
Pyrimidinol carboxylic acids were designed as inhibitors of HIV-1 RNase H function. These molecules can coordinate to two divalent metal ions in the RNase H active site. Inhibition of enzymatic activity was measured in a biochemical assay, but no antiviral effect was observed. Binding wits demonstrated via a solid state structure of the isolated p15-Ec domain of HIV-1 RT showing inhibitor and two Mn(II) ions bound to the RNase H active site.
The HIV-1 nucleocapsid (NC) protein is a small basic DNA and RNA binding protein that is absolutely necessary for viral replication and thus represents a target of great interest to develop new anti-HIV agents. Moreover, the highly conserved sequence offers the opportunity to escape the drug resistance (DR) that emerged following the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment. On the basis of our previous research, nordihydroguaiaretic acid 1 acts as a NC inhibitor showing moderate antiviral activity and suboptimal drug-like properties due to the presence of the catechol moieties. A bioisosteric catechol replacement approach led us to identify the S-dihydroxypyrimidine-6-carboxamide substructure as a privileged scaffold of a new class of HIV-1 NC inhibitors. Hit validation efforts led to the identification of optimized analogs, as represented by compound 28, showing improved NC inhibition and antiviral activity as well as good ADME and PK properties.