This disclosure relates to heat transfer fluids for use in heat transfer systems. The heat transfer fluids comprise at least one non-aqueous dielectric heat transfer fluid. The non-aqueous dielectric heat transfer fluid has density (ρ), specific heat (cp), and dynamic viscosity (μ) properties. The heat transfer fluids have a normalized effectiveness factor (NEFfluid) as determined by the following equation:
N
E
F
fluid
=
DEF
fluid
DEF
reference
;
wherein DEFfluid is a dimensional effectiveness factor for the heat transfer fluid that is determined based on an equation designated in Table 1 below for a selected pump and a selected heat transfer circuit dominant flow regime; wherein DEFreference is a dimensional effectiveness factor for a reference fluid that is determined using the same equation designated in Table 1 for DEFfluid above for the same selected pump and the same selected heat transfer circuit dominant flow regime; and
TABLE 1
(Heat Transfer Fluid and Reference Fluid)
Selected Heat
Transfer Circuit
Flow Regime
Transition
Selected Pump
Laminar
(Blasius)
Positive Displacement Pump
ρ1 cp1 μ−1
ρ0.25 cp1 μ−0.25
Centrifugal Pump
ρ0.19 cp1 μ−0.19
ρ0.04 cp1 μ−0.04
wherein the heat transfer fluid has a NEFfluid value equal to or greater than 1.0. This disclosure also provides a method for improving performance of a heat transfer system, a method for improving performance of an apparatus, and a method for selecting a heat transfer fluid for use in a heat transfer system. The heat transfer fluids and methods of this disclosure are applicable in situations where the heat transfer system is dominated by heat conveyance.
本公开涉及用于传热系统的导热液体。导热流体包括至少一种非
水介质导热流体。非
水介质导热流体具有密度 (ρ)、比热 (cp) 和动态粘度 (μ) 特性。导热流体的归一化效能因子(NEFfluid)由下式确定:
N
E
F
流体
=
DEF
流体
DEF
参考
;
其中,DEFfluid 是导热流体的尺寸效率系数,该系数是根据下表 1 中指定的方程,针对选定的泵和选定的传热回路主导流态确定的;其中,DEFreference 是参考流体的尺寸效率系数,该系数是根据上述表 1 中为 DEFfluid 指定的相同方程,针对相同的选定泵和相同的选定传热回路主导流态确定的;以及
表 1
(传热流体和参考流体)
选定热量
传热回路
流量调节
过渡
选定泵
层流
(布拉修斯)
正排量泵
ρ1 cp1 μ-1
ρ0.25 cp1 μ-0.25
离心泵
ρ0.19 cp1 μ-0.19
ρ0.04 cp1 μ-0.04
其中导热流体的 NEFfluid 值等于或大于 1.0。本公开还提供了一种提高传热系统性能的方法、一种提高设备性能的方法以及一种选择用于传热系统的导热流体的方法。本公开的导热液体和方法适用于传热系统以热传导为主的情况。