Intracellular viscosity is a physicochemical factor that determines the outcomes of various biological processes, while nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule that controls many cellular processes, including oxidative stress. Anticipating that both may be interrelated with a variety of pathologies, their simultaneous measurement would be highly valuable for the investigation of the pathological condition of cells. However, the development of a sensor for such simultaneous detection has not been attempted yet. Herein, we present the synthesis of naphthalimide-4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiosemicarbazide, probe 1, and its application to living cells under conditions of lipopolysaccharide or nystatin treatment, adopted as oxidative stress and altered intracellular viscosity models, respectively. The probe showed increased fluorescence in response to elevation of viscosity and NO levels at 470 and 550 nm, respectively, in the solution studies. When the probe was used for a confocal microscopic study of HeLa cells under stressed conditions, simultaneous monitoring of viscosity and NO level elevations was possible through fluorescence imaging using band-pass filters of 420–475 and 505–600 nm, respectively, upon excitation at a wavelength of 405 nm. Interestingly, both the cellular viscosity and NO levels increased together under lipopolysaccharide or nystatin treatment. Therefore, we suggest that probe 1 is a fluorescent chemical probe that enables the monitoring of alterations in intracellular viscosity and NO levels in living cells, which would be valuable in studies of various cellular damage models.
                                    细胞内粘度是决定各种
生物过程结果的理化因素,而
一氧化氮(NO)则是控制包括氧化应激在内的许多细胞过程的重要信号分子。由于这两种物质可能与多种病理现象相互关联,因此同时测量这两种物质对研究细胞的病理状态非常有价值。然而,目前还没有人尝试过开发一种传感器来进行这种同步检测。在此,我们介绍了
萘二甲
酰亚胺-4-(4-
硝基苯基)
硫代
氨基甲酰
肼(探针 1)的合成及其在脂
多糖或囊菌素处理条件下活细胞中的应用,分别作为氧化应激模型和细胞内粘度改变模型。在溶液研究中,探针在 470 纳米和 550 纳米波长处的荧光分别随着粘度和 NO 
水平的升高而增加。当使用该探针对受压条件下的 HeLa 细胞进行共聚焦显微镜研究时,在 405 纳米波长的激发下,使用波段分别为 420-475 纳米和 505-600 纳米的带通滤光片进行
荧光成像,可以同时监测粘度和 NO 
水平的升高。有趣的是,细胞粘度和 NO 含量在脂
多糖或奈司他丁处理下同时升高。因此,我们认为探针 1 是一种荧光
化学探针,可以监测活细胞中细胞内粘度和 NO 
水平的变化,这对研究各种细胞损伤模型很有价值。