Self-Assembled Phenylethynylene Bis-urea Macrocycles Facilitate the Selective Photodimerization of Coumarin
摘要:
There is much interest in designing molecular sized containers that influence and facilitate chemical reactions within their nanocavities. On top of the advantages of improved yield and selectivity, the studies of reactions in confinement also give important clues that extend our basic understanding of chemical processes. We report here, the synthesis and self-assembly of an expanded bis-urea macrocycle to give crystals with columnar channels. Constructed from two C-shaped phenylethynylene units and two urea groups, the macrocycle affords a large pore with a diameter of similar to 9 angstrom. Despite its increased size, the macrocycles assemble into columns with high fidelity to afford porous crystals. The porosity and accessibility of these channels have been demonstrated by gas adsorption studies and by the uptake of coumarin to afford solid inclusion complexes. Upon UV-irradiation, these inclusion complexes facilitate the conversion of coumarin to its anti-head-to-head (HH) photodimer with high selectivity. This is contrary to what is observed upon the solid-state irradiation of coumarin, which affords photodimers with low selectivity and conversion.
Self-Assembled Phenylethynylene Bis-urea Macrocycles Facilitate the Selective Photodimerization of Coumarin
摘要:
There is much interest in designing molecular sized containers that influence and facilitate chemical reactions within their nanocavities. On top of the advantages of improved yield and selectivity, the studies of reactions in confinement also give important clues that extend our basic understanding of chemical processes. We report here, the synthesis and self-assembly of an expanded bis-urea macrocycle to give crystals with columnar channels. Constructed from two C-shaped phenylethynylene units and two urea groups, the macrocycle affords a large pore with a diameter of similar to 9 angstrom. Despite its increased size, the macrocycles assemble into columns with high fidelity to afford porous crystals. The porosity and accessibility of these channels have been demonstrated by gas adsorption studies and by the uptake of coumarin to afford solid inclusion complexes. Upon UV-irradiation, these inclusion complexes facilitate the conversion of coumarin to its anti-head-to-head (HH) photodimer with high selectivity. This is contrary to what is observed upon the solid-state irradiation of coumarin, which affords photodimers with low selectivity and conversion.
Modulating the reactivity of chromone and its derivatives through encapsulation in a self-assembled phenylethynylene bis-urea host
作者:Sahan R. Salpage、Logan S. Donevant、Mark D. Smith、Andreas Bick、Linda S. Shimizu
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.003
日期:2016.1
This manuscript reports on the modulation of the photoreactivity of a series of chromones, also known as benzo-gamma-pyrones, by absorption into a porous self-assembled host formed from phenylethynylene bis-urea macrocycles. Chromone and four derivatives namely 6-fluorochromone, 6-bromochromone, 7-hydroxy-4-chromone, and 3-cyanochromone are unreactive in the solid-state. Each of these derivatives was loaded into the nanochannels of self-assembled phenylethynylene his-urea macrocycles to form solid host.guest complexes, which were subsequently UV-irradiated at room temperature under argon atmosphere. We observed that chromone and 6-fluorochromone underwent selective [2+2] photo-dimerization reactions to produce anti-HT dimers in high selectivity and conversion. The 6-bromochromone also reacted in high selectivity and conversion to afford an aryl coupling adduct. In each case, the products were extracted, and the crystalline host recovered. In comparison, 7-hydroxy-4-chromone, and 3-cyanochromone were unreactive within the complex. Simple GCMC simulation studies suggest that chromone, 6-fluorochromone, and 6-bromochromone were loaded in orientations that facilitate photoreaction, and correctly predicted that the anti-HT dimer would be favored in the chromone case. In contrast, syn-HH dimers were predicted by GCMC simulations for the halogen containing derivatives but were not observed. The simulations with 7-hydroxy-4-chromone were in agreement with the observed reactivity. We compare these computational and experimental findings and suggest future methods for optimizing simulation parameters. Our goal is to expand the scope and accuracy of the simulations to be able to predict the reactivity of guests encapsulated within columnar nanotubes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.