Synthetic methods for the preparation of ARQ 501 (β-Lapachone) human blood metabolites
摘要:
ARQ 501 (3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-naphthol[1,2-b]pyran-5,6-dione), a synthetic version of beta-Lapachone, is a promising anti-cancer agent currently in multiple Phase II clinical trials. Promising anti-cancer activity was observed in Phase I and Phase II trials. Metabolism by red blood cells of drugs is an understudied area of research and the metabolites arising from oxidative ring opening (M2 and M3), decarbonylation/ ring contraction (M5), and decarbonylation/ oxidation (M4 and M6) of ARQ 501 offer a unique opportunity to provide insight into these metabolic processes. Since these metabolites were not detected in in vitro incubations of ARQ 501 with liver microsomes and were structurally diverse, confirmation by chemical synthesis was considered essential. In this report, we disclose the synthetic routes employed and the characterization of the reference standards for these blood metabolites as well as additional postulated structures, which were not confirmed as metabolites. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Identification of β-Lapachone Analogs as Novel MALT1 Inhibitors To Treat an Aggressive Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
摘要:
The treatment of activated B cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) is one of the urgent unmet medical needs because it is the most resistant DLBCL subtype to current therapies eagerly awaiting effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, the paracaspase MALT1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ABC-DLBCL. Herein, we report a new class of MALT1 inhibitors developed by high-throughput screening and structure-based drug design. The original hit, 4-amino-1,2-naphthoquinone series inhibited MALT1 activity but suffered from poor cellular activity. The extensive pharmacophore search led to the discovery of structurally similar beta-lapachone that is a direct inhibitor of MALT1 and possesses favorable physicochemical properties. Molecular simulation studies suggested the possibility of the formation of a covalent bond between MALT1 and, beta-lapachone, which was corroborated by experimental wash-out studies. Inspired by this, we explored the structure activity relationships by incorporating electron-withdrawing substituents at C8 position of beta-lapachone. These MALT1 inhibitors exhibited potent antiproliferative activity to OCI-LY3 cell line and inhibited the cleavage of CYLD mediated MALT1.
Naphthoquinones are considered privileged structures for anticancer drug molecules. The Heck reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (lawsone) with 1‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐2‐butene offered easy access to lapachol. Several naturally occurring linear and angular heterocyclic quinoids (α‐lapachone, β‐lapachone, dunnione, and related analogues) were prepared from lapachol. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the