毒理性
震颤素类真菌毒素通过干扰神经递质的释放来发挥其毒性作用,可能是通过导致神经末梢的变性。它们被认为可以抑制γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体,包括突触前和突触后的,同时还可以抑制GABA-T受体上的递质分解。这最初会增加神经递质的水平,增强GABA诱导的氯离子电流,然后导致突触中神经递质水平的降低。Penitrems还已知能增加从大脑皮层突触体自发释放的神经递质谷氨酸和天冬氨酸。此外,它们还抑制平滑肌中突触前的高电导钙激活最大K+通道。(A2976, A2991, A2993)
Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. Penitrems are also know to increase the spontaneous release of the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. In addition, they inhibits presynaptic high-conductance Ca+2 activated maxi-K+ channels in the smooth muscle. (A2976, A2991, A2993)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)