A majority of reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) inhibitors are polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds containing two phenyl rings separated by aliphatic or aromatic linkers. Most inhibitors possessing a catechol moiety exhibit considerable toxicity in cellular assays. In an effort to identify nonhydroxylated analogs, a series of aromatic sulfones were tested for their ability to inhibit the 3' processing and strand transfer steps that are necessary for HIV replication. Several aromatic sulfones have previously been shown to have moderate activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in cellular assays; however, their inhibitory potencies against IN have not been explored. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of a series of sulfones and sulfonamides against IN was determined. Among 52 diaryl sulfones tested, 4 were determined to be highly potent (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 0.8 to 10 micrograms/ml), 5 had good potencies (IC50, 11 to 50 micrograms/ml), 10 showed moderate potencies (IC50, 51 to 100 micrograms/ml), and 33 were inactive (IC50, > 100 micrograms/ml) against IN. All of the active compounds exhibited similar potencies against HIV-2 IN. Sulfa drugs, used extensively in treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDs patients, were also examined. Among 19 sulfonamides tested, sulfasalazine (IC50, 50 micrograms/ml) was the most potent. We conclude that potent inhibitors of IN can be designed based on the results presented in this study.
大多数报告的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型整合酶(HIV-1 IN)抑制剂是含有两个苯环的多羟基芳香化合物,由脂肪或芳香链隔开。大多数含有邻二酚基团的抑制剂在细胞实验中表现出相当的毒性。为了寻找非羟基化的类似物,一系列芳香磺酮被测试其对于HIV复制所必需的3'处理和链转移步骤的抑制能力。先前已经显示出几种芳香磺酮在细胞实验中对HIV-1反转录酶具有中等活性,但它们对IN的抑制效力尚未被探索。在本研究中,测定了一系列磺酮和磺酰胺对IN的抑制效果。在测试的52种二芳基磺酮中,有4种被确定为高效抑制剂(50%抑制浓度[IC50],0.8至10微克/毫升),5种具有良好的效力(IC50,11至50微克/毫升),10种显示中等的效力(IC50,51至100微克/毫升),而33种对IN无效(IC50,> 100微克/毫升)。所有活性化合物对HIV-2 IN表现出类似的效力。磺胺药物被广泛用于治疗肺孢子菌肺炎,这是AIDs患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。19种磺酰胺被测试,其中磺酸水杨酸(IC50,50微克/毫升)是最有效的。我们得出结论,根据本研究的结果可以设计出有效的IN抑制剂。