Copper-Catalyzed sp3 C–H Aminative Cyclization of 2-Alkyl-N-arylbenzamides: An Approach for the Synthesis of N-Aryl-isoindolinones
摘要:
The synthesis of isoindolinones via copper-catalyzed sp(3) C-H functionalization of 2-alkyl-N-substituted benzamides is described. This process does not require the preparation of halogenated substitutes, expensive transition metals, or toxic Sn or CO gas. This method provides an efficient approach to generate various functionalized isoindolinones.
A new nickel catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling for accessing γ‐lactams (isoindolinones) as well as γ‐lactones (isobenzofuranones) via carbonylation with CO2 is documented. The protocol exploits the synergistic role of redox‐active Ni(II) complexes and AlCl3 as a CO2 activator/oxygen scavenger, leading to the formation of a wide range of cyclic amides and esters (28 examples) in good to high yields (up to 87%). A dedicated computational investigation revealed the multiple roles played by AlCl3. In particular, the simultaneous transient protection of the pendant amino group of the starting reagents and the formation of the electrophilically activated CO2‐AlCl3 adduct are shown to concur in paving the way for an energetically favorable mechanistic pathway.