A thorough investigation of the challenging Pd-catalyzed fluorination of five-membered heteroaryl bromides is presented. Crystallographic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the challenging step of this transformation is C-F reductive elimination of five-membered heteroaryl fluorides from Pd(II) complexes. On the basis of these studies, we have found that various heteroaryl bromides bearing phenyl groups in the ortho position can be effectively fluorinated under catalytic conditions. Highly activated 2-bromoazoles, such as 8-bromocaffeine, are also viable substrates for this reaction.
A thorough investigation of the challenging Pd-catalyzed fluorination of five-membered heteroaryl bromides is presented. Crystallographic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the challenging step of this transformation is C-F reductive elimination of five-membered heteroaryl fluorides from Pd(II) complexes. On the basis of these studies, we have found that various heteroaryl bromides bearing phenyl groups in the ortho position can be effectively fluorinated under catalytic conditions. Highly activated 2-bromoazoles, such as 8-bromocaffeine, are also viable substrates for this reaction.
Bromide as the Directing Group for β-Arylation of Thiophenes
作者:Hong-Hai Zhang、Cai-Xia Wang、Fei-Fei Sheng、Kai-Hui Liu、Jian-Guo Gu、Kang Shen、Zheng-Yi Sun、Kunlun Hong
DOI:10.1055/a-1838-8958
日期:2022.9
Direct β-arylation of thiophene derivatives with bromide as directing group is disclosed. The reaction is conducted with PdCl2/(p-tolyl)3P as catalyst, silver carbonate as additive, and aryl iodide as coupling partner, affording brominated biaryl compounds as product. Control experiments indicated that the presence of bromide group enhances the reactivity of the C–H bond, enabling β-arylation. Furthermore