Preparation of New Nitrogen-bridged Heterocycles. 11. A New Synthetic Method of Pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridines from the Alkaline Treatment of 1-[(Acylmethylthio)methyleneamino]pyridinium Salts
Alkaline treatment of 1-[(acylmethylthio)methyleneamino]pyridinium halides gave unexpectedly 3-acyl- or 3-(acylthio)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives in 35–87% yields. Some 4,4a-dihydropyrido[1,2-d][1,3,4]thiadiazine intermediates involved in these reactions could be detected by their nmr follows and three related 4a,8-dimethyl derivatives were isolated. Substituent effect and possible mechanisms
The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine skeletons of 2-phenylpyrazolo [1 ,5-a]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C14H9N3 (2a), and S-2-methylthiopyrazolo [1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl p-chlorothiobenzoate, C15H11C1N2OS2 (2b), are planar [maximum deviation 0.019 (3) Angstrom for (2a) and 0.011 (5) Angstrom for (2b)]. The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine skeleton of compound (2b), in which the 2- and 3-substituents are bonded to the pyrazole ring by two long C-S bonds, shows no significant distortion, while in (2a), with the 2-phenyl and the 3-cyano groups, considerable changes are seen in the bond angles resulting from the severe steric interaction accompanied by the resonance effect between the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and the phenyl group.