Discrete Molecular Recognition Induced Higher-Order Structures: Fibrous Formation Triggered by Melamine Recognition with a Cationic Ethynylpyridine Macrocyclic Host
摘要:
A tricationic shape-persistent macrocycle was obtained by methylation on the nitrogen atoms of the three 3,5-pyridylene groups of an alternating 2,6-/3,5-substituted ethynylpyridine macrocycle. The tricationic macrocycle recognized melamine in polar solvents such as DMSO and water, and the host-guest association in water induced a higher-order aggregate confirmed by UV-vis titration and dynamic light scattering experiments. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy indicated that fibrous network structures resulted from the stacking of the macrocycle and melamine complex.
Macrocyclic compounds consisting of three 2,6-pyridylene and three 3,5-pyridylene units linked by acetylene bonds were synthesized by a Sonogashira reaction. The X-ray structures showed pi-stacked pairs of two macrocycles, in which a 2,6-pyridylene unit of the one molecule overlaps a 3,5-pyridylene of the other molecule because of dipole-dipole interaction. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements revealed fibril structures indicating the stacking of the rigid planar macrocycles. Hydrogen-bonding ability of the macrocyclic inside was demonstrated by the addition of octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.