Complete π-Facial Diastereoselectivity in Diels−Alder Reactions of Dissymmetric 2,4-Cyclohexadienones
摘要:
[GRAPHIC]The studies in the Diels-Alder reactions of 5-methoxy-masked o-benzoquinone (1a, R = OMe) and simple dissymmetric 2,4-cyclohexadienones 1b-e with methyl vinyl ketone, styrene, and benzyl vinyl ether are described. The dienones 1b-e reacted with dienophiles to form syn adducts (dienophile approach is syn to allylic methoxy group) exclusively.
Allyl arylethers and allyl phenol derivatives were prepared starting from commercial or synthetized phenols. Either Williamson reaction or Et2AlCl catalyzed Claisen rearrangement was performed to obtain the polyoxygenated molecules. The pivotal allyl phenols were then modified by methylation, iodocyclization or electrophilic aromatic iodination to afford the polyoxygenated derivatives in good to excellent
myricanol in 9 steps and 4.9% overall yield starting from commercially available 2,3-dimethoxyphenol and methyl 3-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)propanoate. The key steps are a cross-metathesis to obtain a linear diarylheptanoid intermediate and a Suzuki–Miyaura domino reaction to generate the challenging macrocycle.
In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation induced by the microglial activation plays a crucial role. In effort to develop effective anti-neuroinflammatory compounds, different new linear polyoxygenated diarylheptanoids were synthesized. In LPS-triggered BV-2 microglial cells their ability to reduce the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-alpha pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. Moreover, their effect on NF-kappa B and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a recently emerged target of metabolic reprogramming in inflammation, was assessed. Finally, we turned our attention to inflammatory mediators derived from the cleavage of citrate catalyzed by ACLY: prostaglandin E-2, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. All compounds showed null or minimal cytotoxicity; most of them had a great anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Diarylheptanoids 6b and 6c, bearing a halide atom and benzyl ether protective groups, exhibited the best effect since they blocked the secretion of all inflammatory mediators analyzed and reduced NF-kB and ACLY protein levels. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.