Demonstrating the Synergy of Synthetic, Mechanistic, and Computational Studies in a Regioselective Aniline Synthesis
作者:Ian W. Davies、Jean-François Marcoux、Jeffery T. Kuethe、Michael D. Lankshear、Jeremy D. O. Taylor、Nancy Tsou、Peter G. Dormer、David L. Hughes、K. N. Houk、Vildan Guner
DOI:10.1021/jo035677u
日期:2004.2.1
Tri- and tetrasubstituted anilines are formed in good to excellent yields by the addition of ketones to vinamidinium salts (up to 98%). The reaction proceeds via the formation of dienone intermediates, which react to form an enamine with the liberated amine. In the case of a nitro, or dimethylaminomethylene substituent, the enamines undergo a facile electrocyclic ring closure to form a cyclohexadiene, which goes on to form anilines with a high degree of selectivity (up to 50:1) with a minor competing pathway proceeding via the enol providing phenols. Competition experiments using isotopic substitution reveal that the rate determining step en route to dienone is enol/enolate addition to the vinamidinium salt, which is characterized by an inverse secondary isotope effect (k(H/D) 0.7-0.9). Computational studies have been used to provide a framework for understanding the reaction pathway. The original proposal for a [1,5]-H shift was ruled out on the basis of the calculations, which did not locate a thermally accessible transition state. The minimum energy conformation of the enamine is such that a facile electrocyclic ring closure is ensured, which is corroborated by the experimental studies. A framework for understanding the reaction pathway is presented.
Unusual reactions of ?-nitro-?-dimethylaminoacrolein
作者:Zh. A. Krasnaya、T. S. Stytsenko、V. S. Bogdanov、E. D. Daeva
DOI:10.1007/bf00950150
日期:1985.7
KRASNAYA, ZH. A.;STYTSENKO, T. S.;BOGDANOV, V. S.;DAEVA, E. D., IZV. AN CCCP. CEP. XIM., 1985, N 7, 1604-1612
作者:KRASNAYA, ZH. A.、STYTSENKO, T. S.、BOGDANOV, V. S.、DAEVA, E. D.
DOI:——
日期:——
An Unexpected [1,5]-H Shift in the Synthesis of Nitroanilines
作者:Ian W. Davies、Jean-François Marcoux、Jeremy D. O. Taylor、Peter G. Dormer、Robert J. Deeth、Félix-Antoine Marcotte、David L. Hughes、Paul J. Reider