Succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formula
R-CO-CH = CH-CO-R′
wherein R and R′ are independently -OH, -O-lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom; the process being characterized in that:
a) the substantially aliphatic polymer is comprised predominantly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of such polymer having an end group represented by the formula
b) the mole ratio of said acidic reactant(s) : said polymer(s) is at least 1 : 1;
c) the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period; and
d) said acylating agent is characterized by having an average total tar rating as determined by the method described in the specification hereof that is at least 25% lower than the average total tar rating of a corresponding product made in the same way under the same reaction conditions using a polyisobutene containing up to 10% of the above-depicted end group; and
(B) reacting such acylating agent with at least one alcohol (preferably a polyhydric alcohol) and amine (preferably a polyamine having at least one primary amino group). Combinations of succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides formed using such acylating agents are used in combination with other additives in forming lubricant compositions.
琥珀酸酯酰胺是通过以下反应形成的:(A)(i)至少一种低级烯烃的实质上脂肪族聚合物,和(ii)一种酸性反应剂或两种或两种以上酸性反应剂的混合物,其通式为
R-CO-CH = CH-CO-R′
其中 R 和 R′独立地为-OH、-O-低级烷基、卤素原子或合在一起为单个氧原子;该工艺的特征在于
a) 基本脂肪族聚合物主要或全部由聚
异丁烯组成,该聚合物中至少 50% 的聚
异丁烯含量具有由式表示的端基
b) 所述酸性反应剂与所述聚合物的摩尔比至少为 1:1; c) 至少在反应期间的大部分时间内,反应混合物保持在超大气压下;以及 d) 所述酰化剂的特点是,其平均总焦油等级(按本说明书所述方法测定)比在相同反应条件下用含有最多 10%上述端基的聚
异丁烯以相同方法制得的相应产品的平均总焦油等级至少低 25%;以及 (A) 所述酸性反应剂与所述聚合物的摩尔比至少为 1:1。
(B) 使这种酰化剂与至少一种醇(最好是多羟基醇)和胺(最好是具有至少一个伯
氨基 的
多胺)反应。使用此类酰化剂形成的琥珀
酰亚胺、
琥珀酸酯和
琥珀酸酯-酰胺组合可与其他添加剂一起用于形成润滑剂组合物。