UnstrainedCCbondcleavage proceeds during the dominoreaction of enynes and enones that includes successive CCbond formation under the nickel/zinc/zinc chloride system. The cleavage occurs through β‐syn‐elimination of the 1,3‐dicarbonyl part. In addition, β‐carbon elimination is selective, unlike the β‐hydrogen elimination in the presence of excess zinc chloride.
Synthesis of purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives
申请人:Glaxo Inc.
公开号:US05126452A1
公开(公告)日:1992-06-30
This invention relates to new process for preparing certain optically active purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives and novel intermediates used in this process. In particular, the invention concerns the synthesis of the 1R-cis isomer of carbovir, (1R-cis)-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl]-6H-pur in-6-one, an antiviral agent, and certain intermediates.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)- and (+)-Strychnine and the Wieland-Gumlich Aldehyde
作者:Steven D. Knight、Larry E. Overman、Garry Pairaudeau
DOI:10.1021/ja00126a017
日期:1995.5
The first asymmetric total syntheses of (-)-strychnine, ent-strychnine, and the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde are described with full experimental details. The total synthesis of (-)-strychnine was realized in 24 steps and 3% overall yield from (1R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenyl acetate (28). This synthesis fully controls the six stereogenic centers and forms the C(20) double bond of (-)-strychnine with high diastereoselection (>20:1). In the first stage of the synthesis, the (R)-cyclopentenylstannane 8 is prepared in nine steps and 30% overall yield (40% with one recycle of 38) as summarized in Scheme 4. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of 8 with the 2-iodoaniline derivative 7 provides enone 6, which is converted to the 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 5 in seven additional steps. This latter sequence proceeds in 36% overall yield (Scheme 6). The central step of the total synthesis is aza-Cope-Mannich rearrangement of 5 which proceeds in 98% yield to form the pentacyclic intermediate 4 (Scheme 7). In five additional steps 4 is converted to the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 2, which is the ultimate precursor of (-)strychnine. A slight modification of this synthesis strategy allowed ent-strychnine to be prepared and provided the first samples of this unnatural enantiomer for pharmacological studies (Scheme 8). The efficiency and conciseness of this synthesis provide an important benchmark of the power of the aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich reaction to solve formidable problems in alkaloid construction.
Synthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. 26. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-strychnine
作者:Steven D. Knight、Larry E. Overman、Garry Pairaudeau
DOI:10.1021/ja00073a057
日期:1993.10
Ni-Catalyzed, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Domino Coupling of Enones, Alkynes, and Alkenes
A Ni(O)/ZnCl2 system effectively promotes the coupling of enones and alkene-tethered alkynes. In the reaction with 1,6-enynes, the oxidative cyclization of Ni(O) species on enones across the alkyne part followed by ZnCl2-promoted cleavage generates alkenylnickel intermediates. Subsequent migratory insertion of the tethered alkene occurs with 5-exo-cyclization. When the resulting sigma-alkylnickel intermediates have beta-hydrogen atoms, the reaction terminates by beta-hydrogen elimination to provide cyclopentane derivatives. On the other hand, a sigma-alkylnickel intermediate that does not have beta-hydrogen atoms undergoes the insertion of a second alkene unit to cause a domino effect via a three-fold C-C bond formation process with and without the cleavage of one C-C bond.