atropine | 51-55-8

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 消化系统用药 - 胃肠解痉药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物 - 托烷生物碱
• 英文名称: atropine
• 英文别名: Hyoscyamin；(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
• CAS: 51-55-8；101-31-5；13269-35-7；16175-85-2；83454-31-3；98302-33-1；131432-21-8
• 化学式: C₁₇H₂₃NO₃
• 分子量: 289.375
• InChiKey: RKUNBYITZUJHSG-AUSYRVNMSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  108,5°C
• 比旋光度：
  D20 -21.0° (alc)
• 沸点：
  431.53°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.0470 (rough estimate)
• 溶解度：
  DMSO:79.0(最大浓度 mg/mL);273.0(最大浓度 mM)乙醇:58.0(最大浓度 mg/mL);200.43(最大浓度 mM)
• LogP：
  1.380 (est)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.8
• 重原子数：
  21
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.59
• 拓扑面积：
  49.8
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  4

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  T+
• 安全说明：
  S25,S26,S36,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R26/28
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2939999090
• RTECS号：
  CK0700000
• 危险品运输编号：
  1544

制备方法与用途

功效作用

莨菪碱广泛存在于多种重要中草药中，包括颠茄、北洋金花和曼陀罗。它具有止痛与解痉的作用，对于坐骨神经痛有较好的疗效，并且有时也被用于治疗癫痫和晕船。

生物活性

Hyoscyamine（天仙子胺）是一种AChR抑制剂，其IC50值为7.5 nM。

Target	Value
AChR	7.5 nM

体外研究

在稳态动力学测量中，L-hyoscyamine使TPase活性的转化数从0.19 min-¹增加到2.11 min-¹。在CHO细胞中，Hyoscyamine能防止兴奋剂诱导的cAMP产生，EC50值为7.8 nM。S-(-)-hyoscyamine可使小鼠心脏（心房和心室）膜中forskolin刺激产生的环AMP合成增加24%。

体内研究

在清醒大鼠体内，L-hyoscyamine (20 mg/kg) 可将移行性肌电复合波(MMC)的循环周期从17.6分钟延长至29.0分钟。

化学性质

Hyoscyamine是一种无臭、苦辣味的白色结晶性粉末。易发生消旋，其水溶液呈碱性。熔点为108.5℃，比旋光度[α]²⁰_D-21°（乙醇）。该物质极易溶于乙醇和稀酸，在氯仿中的溶解度为1：1，在水中可溶（1：280）、在乙醚中易溶（1：69），在苯中亦可溶（1：159）。

用途

Hyoscyamine主要用于生化研究、抗胆碱药及检测金的试剂，也可用于含量测定、鉴定和药理实验等。它通过从颠茄浸膏中提取精制获得。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  atropine 、 碘甲烷 以 乙醚 为溶剂， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Differential analgesic activity of the enantiomers of atropine derivatives does not correlate with their muscarinic subtype selectivity

  摘要：

  The enantiomers of several tropic and p-substituted tropic acid esters related to atropine obtained by esterification under non-racemizing conditions after resolution of the corresponding racemic acids [(+)- and (-)-18, (+)- and (-)-19] are reported. They were tested in vitro on muscarinic subtype receptors and in vivo for their analgesic activity on mice. As in the case of the lead compound, R-(+)-hyoscyamine, these substances show enantioselectivity in analgesic tests, the eutomers being the R-(+) or R-(+)-p-substituted tropic acid derivatives. However, this property, which is a consequence of increased central release of ACh, seems unrelated to muscarinic subtype selectivity insofar as the compounds are unable to discriminate muscarinic subtype receptors. A possible explanation of these results which does not involve subtype selectivity is proposed, based on the recently developed concept of inverse agonism.

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0223-5234(97)83285-0
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  DL-托品酸 在 盐酸 、 氯化亚砜 作用下， 反应 30.5h， 生成 atropine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Differential analgesic activity of the enantiomers of atropine derivatives does not correlate with their muscarinic subtype selectivity

  摘要：

  The enantiomers of several tropic and p-substituted tropic acid esters related to atropine obtained by esterification under non-racemizing conditions after resolution of the corresponding racemic acids [(+)- and (-)-18, (+)- and (-)-19] are reported. They were tested in vitro on muscarinic subtype receptors and in vivo for their analgesic activity on mice. As in the case of the lead compound, R-(+)-hyoscyamine, these substances show enantioselectivity in analgesic tests, the eutomers being the R-(+) or R-(+)-p-substituted tropic acid derivatives. However, this property, which is a consequence of increased central release of ACh, seems unrelated to muscarinic subtype selectivity insofar as the compounds are unable to discriminate muscarinic subtype receptors. A possible explanation of these results which does not involve subtype selectivity is proposed, based on the recently developed concept of inverse agonism.

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0223-5234(97)83285-0

文献信息

• US9913861B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US9913861B2

  公开（公告）日：2018-03-13
• Differential analgesic activity of the enantiomers of atropine derivatives does not correlate with their muscarinic subtype selectivity
  作者：S Dei、A Bartolini、C Bellucci、C Ghelardini、F Gualtieri、D Manetti、M.N. Romanelli、S Scapecchi、E Teodori

  DOI：10.1016/s0223-5234(97)83285-0

  日期：1997.7

  The enantiomers of several tropic and p-substituted tropic acid esters related to atropine obtained by esterification under non-racemizing conditions after resolution of the corresponding racemic acids [(+)- and (-)-18, (+)- and (-)-19] are reported. They were tested in vitro on muscarinic subtype receptors and in vivo for their analgesic activity on mice. As in the case of the lead compound, R-(+)-hyoscyamine, these substances show enantioselectivity in analgesic tests, the eutomers being the R-(+) or R-(+)-p-substituted tropic acid derivatives. However, this property, which is a consequence of increased central release of ACh, seems unrelated to muscarinic subtype selectivity insofar as the compounds are unable to discriminate muscarinic subtype receptors. A possible explanation of these results which does not involve subtype selectivity is proposed, based on the recently developed concept of inverse agonism.

表征谱图