胃肠解痉药
胃肠解痉药主要为M受体阻断药，简称抗胆碱药，包括颠茄生物碱类及其衍生物和人工合成代用品，如阿托品、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、颠茄、曲美布汀及丙胺太林等。
【作用机制】这类药物主要通过减弱胃肠道的蠕动功能，松弛食管和胃肠道括约肌，从而减慢胃排空和小肠转运速度，减弱胆囊收缩并降低胆囊压力；同时减弱结肠蠕动，减缓结肠内容物的传输。
【临床应用】抗胆碱药以阿托品为代表，主要用于治疗胃肠道功能紊乱、缓解内脏绞痛、急性微循环障碍以及各种感染中毒性休克，并在中毒解救中也有应用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 辛戊胺 | Octamylamine | 502-59-0 | C13H29N |
|
| 莨菪碱 | L-Hyoscyamine | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| 美贝维林 | mebeverine | 3625-06-7 | C25H35NO5 |
|
| 盐酸贝那替嗪 | benactyzine hydrochloride | 57-37-4 | C20H25NO3*ClH |
|
| 盐酸替扎尼定 | tizanidine hydrochloride | 64461-82-1 | C9H8ClN5S*ClH |
|
| 盐酸二苯胺乙酯 | adiphenine hydrochloride | 50-42-0 | C20H25NO2*ClH |
|
| 甲溴东莨菪碱 | 6<i>exo</i>,7<i>exo</i>-epoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3<i>endo</i>-DL-tropoyloxy-nortropanium; bromide | 155-41-9 | Br*C18H24NO4 |
|
| 甘罗溴铵 | glycopyrronium bromide | 596-51-0 | Br*C19H28NO3 |
|
| 獐牙菜苦甙 | swertiamarin | 17388-39-5 | C16H22O10 |
|
| 溴丙胺太林 | propantheline bromide | 50-34-0 | Br*C23H30NO3 |
|
| 替扎尼定 | tizanidine | 51322-75-9 | C9H8ClN5S |
|
| 戊沙溴铵 | valethamate bromide | 90-22-2 | Br*C19H32NO2 |
|
| 异美汀 | isometheptene | 503-01-5 | C9H19N |
|
| 异紫堇定盐酸盐 | isocorydine hydrochloride | 13552-72-2 | C20H23NO4*ClH |
|
| 奥芬溴铵 | oxyphenonium bromide | 50-10-2 | Br*C21H34NO3 |
|
| 吉法酯 | gefarnate | 51-77-4 | C27H44O2 |
|
| 丁溴东莨菪碱 | Scopolamine butylbromide | 149-64-4 | Br*C21H30NO4 |
|
| —— | Hyoscyamine methylbromide | 2870-71-5 | C18H26BrNO3 |
|
| —— | Methscopolamine | 155-41-9 | C18H24NO4+ |
|
| —— | Methscopolamine bromide | 155-41-9 | C18H24BrNO4 |
|
| —— | (S)-((1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | Pharmakon1600-01500346 | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | Atropin-methobromid | 2870-71-5 | Br*C18H26NO3 |
|
| —— | Farnesylessigsaeure-geranylester | 51-77-4 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4 |
|
| —— | drotaverine | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4 |
|
| —— | 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4*ClH |
|
| —— | Atropine methylbromide | 2870-71-5 | C18H26BrNO3 |
|
| —— | Hyoscyamin | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | (8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate,bromide | 2870-71-5 | Br*C18H26NO3 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-Atropin | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | atropine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | hyoscyamine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
|
| —— | Swertiamarin | 17388-39-5 | C16H22O10 |
|
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