Synthesis and characterization of phenyl-substituted C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrones and some of their radical adducts
摘要:
Synthesis of C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and several of its analogues with substituents in the 2-, 3-, or 4-position on the phenyl ring is described. While a one-pot reduction/condensation method proved suitable for most compounds, it was necessary to prepare some examples by direct condensation or through oxidation of the appropriate imine. The H-1 NMR data for the 3-X- and 4-X-PBN's can be correlated with the Hammett equation. For the 3-X series DELTA-delta for the alpha-proton correlates best with sigma(+) and has a correlation coefficient of 0.90. For the 4-X series a dual substituent parameter equation using sigma(R)0 gives the best correlation with r = 0.99. The hyperfine splitting constants (hfsc's) of the HO. and HOO. adducts of several substituted PBN's are also included and their correlation with the Hammett equation is discussed.
PBN (&agr;-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone), and its derivatives nitrone-based free radical traps, significantly reduce preneoplastic nodule development as well as inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation at very low levels. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer development has been strongly implicated for many years. The involvement of ROS has been strongly implicated in cancer development is a model system where feeding a choline deficiency (CD) diet to rats leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Administering PBN in the drinking water inhibits HCC formation. Preneoplastic nodule growth in the liver is significantly suppressed by administering PBN, or some ofits natural metabolites, in the diet. The effectiveness of PBN in preventing HCC development in the CD liver model is considered due to its prevention of tumor development after the target cells have already been initiated, i.e.genetically changed into tumor cells. Administration of PBN (or its potent derivatives) to humans that may already have microscopic tumor preneoplastic nodules should prevent the eventual frank tumor formation.
Synthesis, antioxidant and neuroprotective analysis of diversely functionalized α-aryl-N-alkyl nitrones as potential agents for ischemic stroke therapy