Syntheses of 5-thienyl and 5-furyl-substituted benzodiazepines: probes of the pharmacophore for benzodiazepine receptor agonists
摘要:
The synthesis of 5-thienyl- and 5-furyl-substituted benzodiazepines is described. These compounds were employed to probe the lipophilic pocket (L(3)) of the benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) and to determine the effect of occupation of L(3) on biological activity. Of the new analogs synthesized, the 5-(2-thienyl)-benzodiazepines 6a and 7a displayed high affinity for the BzR (IC50 28 and 18 nM, respectively) and exhibited both anticonvulsant (ED(50) approximate to 9 and 3 mg/kg) and muscle relaxant (ED(50) approximate to 10 and 7 mg/kg) activity. The 5-(3-thienyl)benzodiazepines 6d and 7d displayed only moderate affinity for the BzR (IC50 140 and 110 nM) and exhibited no biological activity (no anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant activity) at doses up to 40 mg/kg. The 5-(2-furyl)benzodiazepines (6b, 7b, 19b and 20b) exhibit low affinities for the BzR. These in vitro and in vivo findings are consistent with our model suggesting that pocket L(3) is very sensitive to lipophilic effects. Thus, decreasing the lipophilicity of functional groups which occupy this region decreases ligand affinity at BzR. The 2'-halogen (F or Cl) substituent of the 5-phenylbenzodiazepines increases ligand affinity in vitro because the active conformation of the phenyl N(4)=C(5)-C(1')=C(2') moiety is syn rather than anti. The syn conformation permits the 2'-halogen (F or Cl) atom to interact at the hydrogen bonding site H-2 and form a stable three-centered hydrogen bond in the proposed ligand binding cleft. The 3-thienyl and 2-furyl groups decrease the lipophilicity of the substituent which occupies L(3) but do not form a hydrogen bond at H-2, thus resulting in a diminished affinity at BzR.
Carbonylative Synthesis of Phthalimides and Benzoxazinones by Using Phenyl Formate as a Carbon Monoxide Source
作者:Sujit P. Chavan、Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201500109
日期:2015.4
efficient palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of N-substituted 2-iodobenzamides and 2-iodoanilides was investigated for the synthesis of phthalimides and benzoxazinones, respectively, by usingphenylformate as a CO source. The present catalytic protocol circumvents the use of an expensive phosphine ligand as well as solvent in the case of the phthalimidesynthesis. Moreover, mild reaction conditions
通过使用甲酸苯酯作为 CO 源,研究了一种简单有效的钯催化的 N-取代 2-碘苯甲酰胺和 2-碘苯胺的羰基化环化反应,分别用于合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺和苯并嗪酮。本催化协议在邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成的情况下避免使用昂贵的膦配体以及溶剂。此外,温和的反应条件和对各种官能团的耐受性增强了该方法的普遍适用性。
A Convenient and General Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzoxazinones
CO and CO again: A new double carbonylation methodology for the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzoxazinones has been developed (see scheme).
一氧化碳和一氧化碳:已开发出一种用于合成2-芳基苯并恶嗪酮的新型双羰基化方法(参见方案)。
Copper-Catalyzed C-N, C-O Coupling Reaction of Arylglyoxylic Acids with Isatins
作者:Rashmi Prakash、Sanjib Gogoi
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201600516
日期:2016.10.6
The copper(II)‐catalyzed decarboxylative couplingreactions of arylglyoxylic acids with isatins afford 4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones via decarbonylation and concurrent C–N, C–O bond formation.
芳基乙醛酸与Isatin的铜(II)催化的脱羧偶联反应通过脱羰作用和同时的C–N,C–O键形成提供4 H-苯并[ d ] [1,3]恶嗪-4-酮。
One-pot approach to 2-arylbenzoxazinone derivatives from 2-alkynylanilines using copper-mediated tandem reactions
作者:Mitsuaki Yamashita、Akira Iida
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.056
日期:2014.9
describe a one-pot method to obtain a variety of 2-arylbenzoxazinones and N-benzoyl anthranilic acid by using a copper catalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidants. This protocol involves tandem cyclization and oxidative processes of 2-alkynylanilines to afford significant motifs in synthetic and medicinal chemistry with moderate yields. We also demonstrated that combining the Sonogashiracoupling and the
A novel and efficient method for the oxidation of 2-arylindoles to synthesize 2-arylbenzoxazinones utilizing oxone as the sole oxidant has been developed. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and allows quick and atom-economical assembly of a variety of valuable 2-arylbenzoxazinones in high yields.