Structure requirements for anaerobe processing of azo compounds: Implications for prodrug design
摘要:
This Letter generalizes the metabolism of the azo class of compounds by Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobe found in the human colon. A recently reported 5-aminosalicylic acid-based prednisolone prodrug was shown to release the drug when incubated with the bacteria, while the para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) based analogue did not. Instead, it showed a new HPLC peak with a relatively close retention time to the parent which was identified by LCMS as the partially reduced hydrazine product. This Letter investigates azoreduction across a panel of substrates with varying degrees of electronic and steric similarity to the PABA-based compound. Azo compounds with an electron donating group on the azo-containing aromatic ring showed immediate disproportionation to their parent amines without any detection of hydrazine intermediates by HPLC. Compounds containing only electron withdrawing groups are partially and reversibly reduced to produce a stable detectable hydrazine. They do not disproportionate to their parent amines, but regenerate the parent azo compound. This incomplete reduction is relevant to the design of azo-based prodrugs and the toxicology of azo-based dyes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[EN] TARGETING DIAZO PRODRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES [FR] CIBLAGE DE PROMÉDICAMENTS DIAZO POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE MALADIES GASTRO-INTESTINALES
Oxidative cleavage of hydroxamic acid promoted by sodium periodate
作者:Changchun Yuan、Biao Du、Miao-Miao Xun、Bo Liu
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.073
日期:2017.6
A series of hydroxamicacids, involving aliphatic, aromatic and cyclic substrates, were transformed to the corresponding carboxylic acids through NaIO4-mediated oxidative cleavage in mild conditions. Esterification of these acids with TMSCHN2 could result in formation of the corresponding methyl ester. This methodology makes good compensation for the existing methods transforming amides to esters. Our
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Effects of a Cyclization-Activated Steroid Prodrug for Colon Targeting in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
作者:Juan F. Márquez Ruiz、Gabor Radics、Henry Windle、Hugo O. Serra、Ana Luísa Simplício、Kinga Kedziora、Padraic G. Fallon、Dermot P. Kelleher、John F. Gilmer
DOI:10.1021/jm8016317
日期:2009.5.28
colon causing severe systemic side effects. We report here on a novel prodrug approach to targeting corticosteroids to the colon. The design involves attaching a 21-ester group that suppresses absorption during transit to the colon. The prodrug is designed to be primed by colonic microflora liberating an amino ester that cyclizes releasing the steroid. One of the prodrugs 5b was as efficacious as prednisolone
Targeting Prodrugs for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
申请人:Gilmer John Francis
公开号:US20090082314A1
公开(公告)日:2009-03-26
Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for decreasing NFκB DNA-binding activity in a patient comprising administering of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition of the application to the patient to reduce, alleviate or treat various gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Substituted Aromatic Carboxamide and Urea Derivatives as Vanilloid Receptor Ligands
申请人:FRANK Robert
公开号:US20110003795A1
公开(公告)日:2011-01-06
The invention relates to substituted aromatic carboxamide and urea derivatives, to processes for the preparation thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and also to the use of these compounds for preparing pharmaceutical compositions.