Yields of a rotaxane can be improved by employing a two-step capture protocol. Cooling a solution of the linear and macrocyclic components required for the rotaxane increases the population of the target pseudorotaxane, which is then captured by a rapid capping reaction between an azide and PPh3. The resulting iminophosphorane rotaxane can then be manipulated synthetically at elevated temperatures.
A switch in time: Gel–sol transitions of a urea‐based [2]rotaxane gelator are controlled by the degree of solvent exposure of the hydrogen‐bond‐donating urea station and the orientation of the hydrogen‐bond‐accepting CO groups of the interlocked ethylene glycol based macrocycle (N blue, O and macrocycle red, phenyl green). Both acid/base and anion‐exchange control can be used to reversibly transition
A Phosphine Oxide Functional Group Based [2]Rotaxane That Operates as a Multistable Molecular Shuttle
作者:Ming Cheng、Li Liu、Yihan Cao、Juli Jiang、Leyong Wang
DOI:10.1002/cphc.201501016
日期:2016.6.17
pyridinediamide crown ethermacrocycle and a thread bearing phosphine oxide, urea, and dibenzylammonium functional groups was successfully developed and characterized by 1H NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal analysis. The three recognition sites in the [2]rotaxane were sorted from strong to weak, according to their bonding abilities, so that the macrocycle could move along
基于吡啶二酰胺冠醚大环和带有氧化膦,尿素和二苄基铵官能团的线的可切换[2]轮烷已成功开发并通过1 H NMR和2D NMR光谱,质谱和单晶分析进行了表征。[2]轮烷中的三个识别位点根据其键合能力从强到弱排序,因此大环可以沿着线从一侧到另一侧以定向方式移动,作为多稳态分子穿梭。
Integrating replication processes with mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
作者:Annick Vidonne、Douglas Philp
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.049
日期:2008.9
A kinetic model for the integration of self-replication with the formation of a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture, namely a rotaxane, is presented. The logical steps required to convert this model into molecular structures through consideration of the design criteria highlighted by the model are discussed and executed. Ultimately, despite careful design, the rotaxane synthesised did not replicate as expected. The reasons for this failure are traced by experiment and computation to the sub-optimal association constant for the pseudorotaxane complex required to form the replicating rotaxane. Additionally, a deleterious supramolecular steric effect, operating through the proximity of the macrocyclic component of the pseudorotaxane to the transition state for the stoppering reaction is identified computationally. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Orthogonal Recognition Processes Drive the Assembly and Replication of a [2]Rotaxane
作者:Tamara Kosikova、Nurul Izzaty Hassan、David B. Cordes、Alexandra M. Z. Slawin、Douglas Philp
DOI:10.1021/jacs.5b09738
日期:2015.12.30
Within a small, interconnected reaction network, orthogonal recognition processes drive the assembly and replication of a [2]rotaxane. Rotaxane formation is governed by a central, hydrogen-bonding-mediated binding equilibrium between a macrocycle and a linear component, which associate to give a reactive pseudorotaxane. Both the pseudorotaxane and the linear component undergo irreversible, recognition-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with a stoppering maleimide group, forming rotaxane and thread, respectively. As a result of these orthogonal recognition-mediated processes, the rotaxane and thread can act as auto-catalytic templates for their own formation and also operate as cross-catalytic templates for each other. However, the interplay between the recognition and reaction processes in this reaction network results in the formation of undesirable pseudorotaxane complexes, causing thread formation to exceed rotaxane formation in the current experimental system. Nevertheless, in the absence of competitive macrocyde-binding sites, realization of a replicating network favoring formation of rotaxane is possible.
Two [2]pseudorotaxane-like complexes and their corresponding [2]rotaxanes stabilized via interactions on opposite ends of the same macrocycle
A multiple-use macrocycle recognizes dibenzylammonium ions and 2,6-lutidine derivatives, each in a [2]pseudorotaxane-like manner, through interactions with its diethylene glycol (hydrogen bonding) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (Pd2+ chelation) spacers, respectively. We characterized these complexes in the solid state (X-ray crystallography) and in solution (H-1 NMR spectroscopy). The synthesis of two corresponding [2]rotaxanes confirmed that these recognition systems possess [2]pseudorotaxane geometries in solution. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.