摘要:
The synthesis and structural features of 3,4-dihydro-3,4-bis(diphenylmethylene)-N-methylsuccinimide [3,4-bis(diphenylmethylene)-1-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (6b), C31H23NO1, M(r)=441.53] are described. (6b) crystallizes at room temperature in three polymorphic forms: (A) monoclinic P2(1), a=11.640(3), b=9.257(2), c=12.103(4)Angstrom, beta=114.83(1)degrees, V=1183.6(6)A(3) Z=2, F(000)=464, D-x=1.239gcm(-3), mu=0.72cm(-1), R(F)=0.077 for 1560 observations [I>3 sigma(I)]; (B) orthorhombic, Pbcn, a=9.964(1), b=20.181(3), c=11.622(3)Angstrom, V=2337.0(7)Angstrom(3), Z=4, F(000)=928, D-x=1.255gcm(-3), mu=0.73cm(-1), R(F)=0.044 for 1466 observations [I>3 sigma(I)]; (C) monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a=9.485(3), b=11.014(2), c=22.945(3)Angstrom, V=2369.9(9)Angstrom(3), Z=4, F(000)=928, D-x=1.238gcm(-3), mu=0.72cm(-1), R(F)=0.060 for 2200 observations [I>3 sigma(I)]. The (6b) molecule adopts a helical (prochiral) configuration with approximate C-2 symmetry in order to accommodate the steric hindrance between the aryl substituents; the conformation is very similar in the three polymorphs. Transformations between the different polymorphs can be induced easily, and it is possible to vary the amount of chiral polymorph in the crystallization mixture by seeding techniques and the use of acidic additives. Crystalline (6b) undergoes a photocyclization reaction to yield N-methyl-1,1,4-triphenyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboximide (8b). In the observed conformation of (6b), the intramolecular distances between the unsaturated carbon sites which join during the photochemical reaction are within 3.27-3.38 Angstrom. The solid-state photoreaction of the chiral polymorph A gives an optically active molecular product (8b) of 64% enantiomeric excess (e.e.), and represents a chiral enrichment process assisted by the crystal medium. The corresponding photochemical reactions with the racemic polymorphs B and C yield racemic (8b).