Selenourea | 630-10-4

• 物质功能分类: 化学试剂 - 有机试剂 - 硒化合物
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氮化合物
• 英文名称: Selenourea
• CAS: 630-10-4
• 化学式: CH3N2Se
• 分子量: 122.02
• InChiKey: ZUCFIOXGLBMWHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  210-215 °C (dec.)
• 沸点：
  200°C (rough estimate)
• 溶解度：
  DMSO（稍微加热）
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.2 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 1 mg/m3; TWA 0.2 mg/m3
• 物理描述：
  Selenourea is a solid.
• 颜色/状态：
  PRISMS OR NEEDLES FROM WATER
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and selenium/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.95
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  49.9
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

毒理性

• 相互作用

在大肠杆菌B/R存在5x10-2摩尔硒脲的情况下进行辐照，当辐照在空气中时产生增加的存活率，而在氮气中则产生相反的效果。无氧条件下的增感作用似乎是由辐照下硒脲形成的胶体硒所引起的。

IRRADIATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI B/R IN THE PRESENCE OF 5X10-2 MOLES SELENOUREA PRODUCED INCREASED SURVIVAL WHEN IRRIADIATION WAS PERFORMED IN AIR AND THE OPPOSITE EFFECT IN NITROGEN. THE ANOXIC SENSITIZATION APPEARS TO BE DUE TO COLLOIDAL SELENIUM FORMED FROM SELENOUREA BY IRRADIATION.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

急救应立即且彻底地用水冲洗受影响区域。如果吸入了硒，将患者移至新鲜空气处，并在必要时进行人工呼吸。如果吞食了硒，给患者大量饮水。治疗系统性中毒的适当方法极为缺乏。已经检验并放弃了各种物质。……禁用BAL（二巯基丙醇）。推荐使用10%的硫代硫酸钠软膏治疗烧伤。/硒/

First aid should consist of irrigating the affected area immediately and thoroughly with water. If selenium is inhaled, remove the patient to fresh air and give artificial respiration, if required. If selenium is swallowed, give the patient copious amounts of water. Suitable methods for treating systemic poisoning are singularly lacking. Various substances have been examined and discarded. ... the use of BAL (dimercaprol) is contraindicated. A 10% sodium thiosulfate ointment is recommended for the treatment of burns. /Selenium/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

慢性中毒的管理是以消除硒源为支持性治疗。二巯基丙醇和CaNa2EDTA可能会增加毒性。对于含有亚硒酸的化合物（如枪支蓝化溶液）的摄入治疗尚未得到充分研究。即使是小量的这种化学物质也可能致命。所有摄入亚硒酸的患者都应由医生评估，通常应该住院观察。含有亚硒酸的枪支蓝化化合物具有腐蚀性，会导致食道烧伤；然而，由于这种酸是一种严重的系统性毒物，是否使用去污措施的决定基于临床判断。在决定使用这些措施时需要考虑的因素包括暴露时间、自发性呕吐的量、患者的临床状况和摄入量。亚硒酸中毒没有解毒剂；治疗是预期性的（在重症监护环境中进行心肺监测）和支持性的（根据需要静脉输液、补充氧气和通气）。/硒/

Management of chronic intoxication is supportive with elimination of the selenium source. Dimercaptol and CaNa2EDTA may enhance toxicity. The treatment of ingestions of compounds containing selenious acid (ie, gun bluing solution) is not well studied. Even small amounts of this chemical are potentially lethal. All patients who ingest selenious acid should be evaluated by a physician and should usually be hospitalized for observation. Gun bluing compound containing selenious acid is corrosive and will produce esophageal burns; however, since this acid is a serious systemic poison, the decision to use decontamination measures is based on clinical judgement. Factors to consider in the decision to use these measures include the time since exposure, the amount of spontaneous emesis, the clinical condition of the patient, and the amount ingested. There are no antidotes to selenious acid toxicity; treatment is expectant (cardiopulmonary monitoring in an intensive care setting) and supportive (intravenous infusion, supplemental oxygen and ventilation as needed). /Selenium/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……监测肺水肿并视情况进行治疗……如有必要，治疗癫痫……对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于误食，如果患者能吞咽，有强烈的呕吐反射，且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭……/硒及其相关化合物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Treat seizures if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Selenium and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊-阀-面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。开始静脉输液，使用D5W TKO /SRP：“保持开放”，最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用乳酸钠林格氏液。注意肺水肿的迹象。考虑对肺水肿进行药物治疗。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎输液。如果液体量正常但仍有低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意液体过载的迹象。用安定（Valium）治疗癫痫。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗。/硒及其相关化合物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Selenium and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 硒既与红细胞有关，也与血浆中的白蛋白和球蛋白有关。 ... 血液中的硒会迅速分布到所有组织，尤其是肝脏、肾脏、骨骼、指甲和头发。 ... 硒通过粪便、尿液和呼吸排出体外，具体取决于摄入方式及其化学形态 ... 有机硒的消除速度较慢 ... . /硒/

... SELENIUM IS ASSOC BOTH WITH ERYTHROCYTES & WITH PLASMA ALBUMIN & GLOBULINS. ... FROM BLOOD SELENIUM IS QUICKLY DISTRIBUTED TO ALL TISSUES, ESP LIVER, KIDNEYS, BONE, NAILS, & HAIR. ... EXCRETED IN FECES & URINE, & EXHALED, DEPENDING UPON ITS MODE OF INTAKE, /&/ ITS CHEM FORM ... ELIMINATION OF ORGANIC SELENIUM IS SLOW ... . /SELENIUM/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

无机和有机硒化合物都能穿过啮齿动物、猫、羊和非人灵长类动物的胎盘。与等效接触无机硒相比，有机硒在胎儿体内的保留量更大，而且在剂量未能引起胚胎毒性的情况下，仓鼠胚胎中的硒积累到了极高的浓度（80微摩尔/千克）。/硒化合物/

Both inorganic and organic selenium compounds cross the rodent, cat, sheep, and nonhuman primate placenta. Fetal retention of organic selenium is greater than that seen after equivalent exposure to inorganic selenium, and selenium accumulated in hamster embryos to extremely high concentrations (80 umol/kg) after doses that failed to elicit embryotoxicity. /Selenium compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

硒无论是以无机形式还是有机形式，都能从人体肠道中被迅速吸收，其总生物利用度分别为84%至97%。/硒/

Selenium, either as inorganic or organic forms, is rapidly absorbed from the human gut, with total bioavailability of 84% to 97%, respectively. /Selenium/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  T,N
• 安全说明：
  S20/21,S28,S45,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R50/53,R23/25,R33
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29310099
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3283 6.1/PG 2
• 危险类别：
  6.1
• RTECS号：
  YU1820000
• 包装等级：
  II

制备方法与用途

硒脲

硒脲是一种有机化合物，主要用于光度测定锇的试剂，并且也可用于有机合成。

制备方法

最初于1884年由奥古斯德·维多通过硒化氢和氰胺反应制得：

[ \text{H}_2\text{Se} + \text{NCNH}_2 \rightarrow \text{SeC}(=\text{NH}_2)_2 ]

此方法可用于工业生产。一些含取代基的硒脲可通过异硒氰酸酯与仲胺反应制备：

[ \text{RN=C=Se} + \text{NHR'}\text{R''} \rightarrow \text{SeC}(=\text{NRH})(\text{NR'R''H}) ]

由硒化氢与氨基氰作用也可制得。

生产方法

由硒化氢与氨基氰作用制得。

类别

有毒物品

毒性分级

高毒

急性毒性

口服-大鼠 LD₅₀: 50 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

受热分解，生成有毒的氧化氮、硒化物气体

储运特性

库房应通风、低温干燥；与食品原料分开储运

灭火剂

砂土、水、泡沫

职业标准

• 时间加权平均容许浓度 (TWA): 0.2 毫克/立方米
• 短时间接触容许浓度 (STEL): 0.3 毫克/立方米