聚塞氯铵 | 31512-74-0

• 物质功能分类: 表面活性剂 - 阳离子表面活性剂 - 胺盐型
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氮化合物
• 中文名称: 聚塞氯铵
• 英文名称: 2-[dimethyl(propyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-dimethylazanium;dichloride
• CAS: 31512-74-0
• 化学式: C12H30Cl2N2O
• 分子量: 289.28
• InChiKey: AKMCUEHNXUJTGW-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 溶解度：
  甲醇（微溶）、水（可溶）
• 颜色/状态：
  Light amber/pale yellow colored clear liquid
• 气味：
  Mildly unpleasant fishy odor
• 沸点：
  111 °C
• 密度：
  1.103-1.1417 g/cu cm
• 蒸汽压力：
  10.8 mm Hg at 20 °C; 14.4 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 粘度：
  1.52 at 20 °C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.8
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  9.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸，请开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩设备或口袋面罩，按训练操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐，让患者向前倾或将其置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下），以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用温水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W /SRP: "保持开放"，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸林格氏液。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。 /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

症状和体征：报告的皮肤接触最常见症状包括皮肤刺激/灼热、皮疹、瘙痒和皮肤变色/发红。吸入暴露最常见报告的症状是轻微呼吸道刺激/灼热。在某些情况下，吸入暴露后报告头痛。与眼部暴露相关的症状包括视力模糊、水肿和眼部周围刺激。

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The most common symptoms reported for cases of dermal exposure were skin irritation/burning, rash, itching, and skin discoloration/redness. The most common symptoms reported for cases of inhalation exposure were minor respiratory irritation/burning. In some case, headache is reported after inhalation exposure. The symptoms associated ocular exposure including blurred vision, edema, and irritation around eyes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：亚慢性或前慢性暴露/在一项旨在确定Cr1:CD(SD)BR大鼠重复口服暴露Busan 77（纯度未报告）的亚慢性毒性效应的90天口服毒性试验中，大鼠连续13周口服暴露于0、300、1000、3000或4000 mg/kg/天的Busan 77。每天两次观察动物死亡和毒性迹象。在3000和4000 mg/kg/天的剂量下观察到体重下降和绝对器官重量可能下降。在3000和4000 mg/kg/天的剂量水平下，还观察到红细胞计数可疑下降、白细胞计数升高以及脑脉络丛的非化脓性炎症和死亡。根据肾小管矿化的情况，NOAEL为300 mg/kg/天，LOAEL为1000 mg/kg/天。

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a 90-day oral toxicity test designed to determine the subchronic toxicity effects of repeated oral exposure to Busan 77 (purity not reported) in Cr1:CD(SD)BR rats, rats were orally exposed to 0, 300, 1000, 3000, or 4000 mg/kg/day of Busan 77 for 13 weeks. Animals were observed twice daily for signs of mortality and toxicity. There was a decrease in body weight and possibly absolute organ weights observed at 3000 and 4000 mg/kg/day. An equivocal decrease in red blood cell counts, elevated leukocyte counts, and non-suppurative inflammation in the choroid plexus of the brain as well as death was also observed at the 3000 and 4000 mg/kg/day dose levels. The NOAEL is 300 mg/kg/day, and the LOAEL is 1000 mg/kg/day, based on mineralization of renal tubules.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

(14)C标记的Busan 77（纯度60%），在10或1000毫克/千克的浓度下，通过口服或静脉注射给每剂量5只CD大鼠/性别。呼出的CO2未被检测到。在静脉注射剂量组中，放射性物质的主要排泄途径是通过尿液和粪便。在7天的时间里，大约52-55%的给药物质通过尿液（38-44%）和粪便（11-14%）排出；43-55%的放射性物质在组织中找到。在单次或多次口服剂量组中，88-106%的给药化合物通过尿液（3%）和粪便（55-105%）排出；肾脏、肝脏和脾脏的残留水平较高。在这些组中，除了肾脏外，所有组织的组织残留水平都较低。在组织中的回收剂量不超过给药剂量的0.14%。在单次或多次口服时，生物累积的潜力是最小的。在最高口服剂量下，85%的给药剂量通过尿液（14-17%）和粪便（68-71%）回收。

(14)C-labeled Busan 77 (Purity 60%), at concentrations of 10 or 1000 mg/kg, was administered orally or intravenously to 5 CD rats/sex/dose. Expired CO2 was not detected. In the intravenous dose group, the major routes of excretion of radioactivity were via urine and feces. Over a 7 day period, approximately 52-55% of the test material administered was excreted in the urine (38-44%) and feces (11-14%); 43- 55% were found in the tissues. In a single or repeated oral dosed groups 88-106% of the test compound administered was excreted in the urine (3%) and feces (55 -105%); kidneys, liver, and spleen had a higher residue level. In these groups, tissue residue levels were low in all tissues, except kidneys. Not more than 0.14% of the administered dose was recovered in tissue. Potential for bioaccumulation at the single or repeated oral is minimal. At the highest oral dose, 85% of the administered dose was recovered in urine (14- 17%) and feces (68-71%).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

(14)C-釜山77（纯度60%）以单一剂量0、2、20或300毫克/大鼠（分别为0.16、1.59或15.97毫克/平方厘米）通过皮肤给药给雄性CRL:CD BR大鼠（每组24只）。(14)C-釜山77的吸收率不到0.2%。放射性剂量的平均回收率范围为74.5-92.7%。大部分剂量在皮肤冲洗液（65.5%-88.6%）和给药皮肤部位（0.4%-13.7%）中被回收。

(14)C-Busan 77 (purity 60%) was administered dermally to male CRL:CD BR rats (24/group) at single dose levels of 0, 2, 20, or 300 mg/rat, (0.16, 1.59 or 15.97 mg/sq cm, respectively). Less than 0.2% of the (14)C-Busan 77 was absorbed. Mean % recovery of radioactive dose ranged from 74.5 - 92.7%. Majority of the dose was recovered in the skin rinse (65.5% - 88.6%) and at the skin site (0.4% - 13.7%).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

制备方法与用途

用途

聚塞氯铵是一种阳离子聚合表面活性剂，适用于养殖水体中的杀菌、灭藻和水质改良。它可以有效控制水体中细菌和真菌的生长，并抑制各种漂浮型蓝绿藻。

在养殖过程中定期使用聚塞氯铵可以有效管理由菌藻过量滋生引起的问题，对老水、黑臭水及有机物超标导致的水质败坏具有显著的调控作用。此外，聚塞氯铵是一种新型聚合阳离子表面活性剂，具备增稠、乳化和增溶功能，并能与重金属盐类（如锌、铜）、螯合物（乙二胺四乙酸及其盐类）、醇类、醛类及其他多种化合物协同增效。

该产品含有活性基团，能够控制水体混浊、抑制有害气体生成并减少难闻气味的产生，同时还能增加水体含氧量。聚塞氯铵在酸性和碱性环境中均能使用，并且与其他阳离子季铵盐相比，其密度较大，不易起泡，可以直接作用于池塘底部，改善底层水质。

用途

聚塞氯铵是一种高效的阳离子聚合杀菌灭藻剂，适用于游泳池藻类的控制。此外，它还是制备钐钴永磁加工冷却液的重要成分之一。