A Dual-Cure, Solid-State Photoresist Combining a Thermoreversible Diels–Alder Network and a Chain Growth Acrylate Network
摘要:
A Die Is Alder (DA) network containing dissolved multiacrylate monomers is demonstrated as a novel two-stage reactive polymer network, with a potential application in self-supporting stereolithography. Initially, a thermoreversible Die Is Alder "scaffold" network is formed, containing unreacted acrylate monomers and photoinitiator. During photopatterning with light at 15 mW/cm(2) from a 365 nm source for 16 s of exposure at either ambient temperature or 70 degrees C, both acrylates and unreacted maleimides polymerize to form a permanent, covalently cross-linked network structure that simultaneously maintains the thermoreversible characteristics afforded by the underlying DA network. Light exposure of a DA network containing between 25 and 50 wt % acrylate monomer resulted in a sharp increase in cross-link density and a 60 degrees C jump in glass transition temperature of the material. As a result of the temperature-dependent DA equilibrium, the temperature of the film during light exposure has dramatic effects on the resulting acrylate conversion (as measured by FT-IR) and mechanical behavior (as measured by DMA) of the complex dynamic network structure. For example, despite the irreversible acrylate network, the rubbery modulus of the material decreases above the glass transition temperature due to the presence of the dynamic thermosensitive DA network. The shape of the modulus curve was also affected by the ratio of DA monomers to acrylate monomers; higher DA monomer content resulted in greater temperature sensitivity of the rubbery modulus in light-exposed films. 3D structures with feature sizes ranging from 50 to 500 pm were produced in geometries such as stacked rectangles and "logpile" structures. In the unexposed regions, free acrylate and maleimide groups were shown to tolerate temperatures as high as 120 degrees C with no premature gel formation observed. Removal of unexposed material during the development step was achieved at 120 degrees C, where the Diels-Alder equilibrium shifts toward the furan and maleimide reactants and the network depolymerizes. Finally, a process was developed for the fabrication of 3D microstructures via layer-by-layer photopatterning. The process is highly repeatable and results in complete elimination of unexposed regions. Additionally, excess quantities of the unexposed mixture may be stored at 4 degrees C for at least several weeks and then reused by heating to 120 degrees C to fully depolymerize the DA network, subsequently using the liquid mixture to make films.
Process for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials
申请人:L'OREAL
公开号:US10646428B2
公开(公告)日:2020-05-12
The invention relates to a cosmetic treatment process, in particular for caring for or making up keratin materials, comprising the following steps: a) a step of applying, to the keratin materials, a cosmetic composition comprising a compound comprising at least 2 maleimide groups; b) a step of applying a cosmetic composition comprising a compound comprising at least 2 furfuryl groups. The invention also relates to a kit comprising the two compositions, enabling said process to be carried out. The invention also relates to copolymers furfuryl (meth)acrylate, specifically (meth)acrylamide, and addition monomer chosen from polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylates and polydimethylsiloxanes with mono(meth)acryloyloxy end group.
Lithium ion battery including separator coated with fire extinguishing particle
申请人:HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY
公开号:US10727525B2
公开(公告)日:2020-07-28
A lithium ion battery including a core-shell structured fire extinguishing particle is disclosed. When the battery is overheated to a predetermined temperature, a shell of the fire extinguishing particle coated on one surface or both surfaces of a porous separator is melted, a fire extinguishing material disposed in an inner space of the shell is released into an electrolytic solution of the battery, and as a result, it is possible to prevent the battery from being ignited or exploded even though the battery is overheated. Further, the melted shell clogs pores of the porous separator to block lithium ions from moving, such that the battery is blocked from being driven, thereby preventing the battery from being overheated any more.
theranostics, serving as a porphyrin carrier. Hemoglobin (Hb) consists of α2β2 tetramer with iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX (heme) bound to each globin. However, heme-removed Hb (apoHb) causes dissociation at αβ interfaces and aggregation under physiological conditions. We synthesized a stable apoHb derivative comprising intramolecular-crosslinked apoHb (apoXHb) and humanserumalbumin (HSA), apoXHb-HSA3. ApoXHb-HSA3
N-(furfural) chitosan hydrogels based on Diels–Alder cycloadditions and application as microspheres for controlled drug release
作者:Marcelino Montiel-Herrera、Alessandro Gandini、Francisco M. Goycoolea、Neil E. Jacobsen、Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza、Maricarmen Recillas-Mota、Waldo M. Argüelles-Monal
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.052
日期:2015.9
In this study, chitosan was chemically modified by reductive amination in a two-step process. The synthesis of N-(furfural) chitosan (FC) was confirmed by FT-IR and H-1 NMR analysis, and the degrees of substitution were estimated as 8.3 and 23.8%. The cross-linkable system of bismaleimide (BM) and FC shows that FC shared properties of furan-maleimide chemistry. This system produced non-reversible hydrogel networks by Diels-Alder cycloadditions at 85 degrees C. The system composed of BM and FC (23.8% substitution) generated stronger hydrogel networks than those of FC with an 8.3% degree of substitution. Moreover, the FC-BM system was able to produce hydrogel microspheres. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed the surface of the microspheres to be non-porous with small protuberances. In water, the microspheres swelled, increasing their volume by 30%. Finally, microspheres loaded with methylene blue were able to release the dye gradually, obeying second-order kinetics for times less than 600 min. This behavior suggests that diffusion is governed by the relaxation of polymer chains in the swelled state, thus facilitating drug release outside the microspheres. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PHOTOREACTIVE POLYMER
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:US20140073717A1
公开(公告)日:2014-03-13
A description is given of a photoreactive polymer preparable by radical polymerization using at least one photoreactive monomer, where the photoreactive monomer has at least one radically polymerizable C—C double bond, at least one hydrophilic group selected from an ethylene glycol group and polyethylene glycol groups having at least 2 ethylene glycol units, and at least one photoreactive group, the photoreactive group being a photoenolizable carbonyl group.