Carbetamide is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
The present invention provides compositions comprising herbicidally active compounds (A) and (B), where (A) represents one or more compounds of the general formula (I) or agrochemically compatible salts thereof [component (A)],
and (B) represents one or more herbicides [component (B)]. The application further relates to a method and to the use of the herbicidal composition according to the invention for controlling harmful plants or for regulating growth.
Electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compound in edible agro-products based on LC-Q-Orbitrap
申请人：CHINESE ACADEMY OF INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE
公开号：US11169128B2
公开（公告）日：2021-11-09
Disclosed is an electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compound in edible agro-products based on LC-Q-Orbitrap. The electronic ID database includes a collection of various pesticides compound electronic ID information, intelligent matching values and collision energies. It is ordered according to the retention time in the electronic ID. The electronic ID contains pesticide compounds information, retention time, adduct ions information, fragment ions information, collision energies, and the optimal full scan mass spectrum. The detection method includes sample pre-treatment, setting LC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions and sample pesticide residue screening. Setting LC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions contain setting suitable chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. In pesticide residue screening procedures, firstly, the retention time is used to find pesticide compounds electronic ID database. If matching, the corresponding electronic ID information is extracted. Then the intelligent matching value is compared, if it is same, the result is recorded and displayed, and the screening is completed.
本发明公开了一种基于 LC-Q-Orbitrap 的食用农产品中农药化合物电子 ID 数据库及检测方法。电子 ID 数据库包括各种农药化合物电子 ID 信息、智能匹配值和碰撞能量的集合。它根据电子 ID 的保留时间进行排序。电子 ID 包含农药化合物信息、保留时间、加成离子信息、碎片离子信息、碰撞能量和最佳全扫描质谱。检测方法包括样品预处理、设置 LC-Q-Orbitrap 运行条件和样品农药残留筛选。设置 LC-Q-Orbitrap 运行条件包括设置合适的色谱和质谱条件。在农药残留筛选程序中，首先利用保留时间查找农药化合物电子 ID 数据库。如果匹配，则提取相应的电子 ID 信息。然后比较智能匹配值，如果相同，则记录并显示结果，完成筛选。
[EN] HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING TRIFLUOROMETHYL PYRIDAZINOL COMPOUND AND APPLICATION THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSITION HERBICIDE COMPRENANT UN COMPOSÉ DE TRIFLUOROMÉTHYLPYRIDAZINE ET SON APPLICATION<br/>[ZH] 包含三氟甲基哒嗪醇类化合物的除草组合物及其应用
[EN] HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-YL) ARYL FORMAMIDE COMPOUNDS AND APPLICATION OF HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION<br/>[FR] COMPOSITION HERBICIDE COMPRENANT DES COMPOSÉS DE N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-YL) ARYL FORMAMIDE ET APPLICATION DE COMPOSITION HERBICIDE<br/>[ZH] 包含N-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)芳基甲酰胺类化合物的除草组合物及其应用
[EN] HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-YL)ARYLFORMAMIDE COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSITION HERBICIDE COMPRENANT UN COMPOSÉ DE N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-YL)ARYLFORMAMIDE ET SON UTILISATION<br/>[ZH] 包含N-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)芳基甲酰胺类化合物的除草组合物及其应用
