Entropy-Driven Hydrogen Bonding: Stereodynamics of a Protonated,N,N-Chiral “Proton Sponge”
摘要:
The C-2-symmetric ("[DL]") and achiral ("[meso]") diastereoisomers of the hydrogen iodide salt of 1,8-bis-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)naphthalene ([2H](+)[I](-)) interconvert in solution. Direct interconversion of the diastereoisomers of [2H](+) must involve hydrogen bond fission (to give "[nonHB-2H(+)]'') and rotation-inversion of the non-protonated nitrogen centre. The global activation parameters (DeltaH(not equal) and DeltaS(not equal)) for diastereoisomer interconversion in [D-7]DMF have been determined from rate data obtained by temperature-drop and magnetisation-transfer C-13 NMR spectroscopy over a temperature range of 170 degreesC. The process is found to have a high entropy of activation in both directions (DeltaS(not equal) = 163(+/-4) and 169(+/-4) J K-1 mol(-1)) and this is suggested to arise through hydrogen bonding of the ammonium centre in [nonHB-2H(+)] with the solvent ([D-7]DMF). Comparison of the enthalpy of activation (DeltaH(not equal)) with that earlier found for diastereoisomer interconversion of the free-base form 2 suggests that the intramolecular hydrogen bond in [2H](+) is roughly equal in enthalpic strength (DeltaH) with that made with the solvent ([D-7]DMF) in the non-hydrogen-bonded intermediate [nonHB-2H(+)]. As such, the hydrogen bonding in [2H](+) may be considered as predominantly an entropically driven process, without any unusual enthalpic strength.
Synthesis of a protonated C2-symmetric N,N-chiral “proton sponge”
作者:Jonathan P.H. Charmant、Guy C. Lloyd-Jones、Torren M. Peakman、Robert L. Woodward
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00930-7
日期:1998.6
The hydrogen iodide salt of 1,8-bis-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)naphthalene was synthesised as an 89/11 ratio of diastereomers in good yield. The structure of the major (+)-(RNRN/SNSN) diastereomer was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The minor diastereomer is shown to be the meso-(RNSN) form by performing H-1 NMR n.O.e studies on isotopically desymmetrized 1-(N-benzyl-N-[C-13]-methylamino)-8-(N'-benzyl-N'-methylamino) naphthalene (HI salt). The half-life of interconversion of meso and dl forms is less than 2 minutes in CD2Cl2, at ambient temperature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Charmant, Jonathan P. H.; Lloyd-Jones, Guy C.; Peakman, Torren M., European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1999, # 10, p. 2501 - 2510
作者:Charmant, Jonathan P. H.、Lloyd-Jones, Guy C.、Peakman, Torren M.、Woodward, Robert L.
DOI:——
日期:——
Entropy-Driven Hydrogen Bonding: Stereodynamics of a Protonated,N,N-Chiral “Proton Sponge”
作者:Paul Hodgson、Guy C. Lloyd-Jones、Martin Murray、Torren M. Peakman、Robert L. Woodward
The C-2-symmetric ("[DL]") and achiral ("[meso]") diastereoisomers of the hydrogen iodide salt of 1,8-bis-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)naphthalene ([2H](+)[I](-)) interconvert in solution. Direct interconversion of the diastereoisomers of [2H](+) must involve hydrogen bond fission (to give "[nonHB-2H(+)]'') and rotation-inversion of the non-protonated nitrogen centre. The global activation parameters (DeltaH(not equal) and DeltaS(not equal)) for diastereoisomer interconversion in [D-7]DMF have been determined from rate data obtained by temperature-drop and magnetisation-transfer C-13 NMR spectroscopy over a temperature range of 170 degreesC. The process is found to have a high entropy of activation in both directions (DeltaS(not equal) = 163(+/-4) and 169(+/-4) J K-1 mol(-1)) and this is suggested to arise through hydrogen bonding of the ammonium centre in [nonHB-2H(+)] with the solvent ([D-7]DMF). Comparison of the enthalpy of activation (DeltaH(not equal)) with that earlier found for diastereoisomer interconversion of the free-base form 2 suggests that the intramolecular hydrogen bond in [2H](+) is roughly equal in enthalpic strength (DeltaH) with that made with the solvent ([D-7]DMF) in the non-hydrogen-bonded intermediate [nonHB-2H(+)]. As such, the hydrogen bonding in [2H](+) may be considered as predominantly an entropically driven process, without any unusual enthalpic strength.