The present disclosure relates to compounds relating to the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies relating to the Hedgehog pathway, including but not limited to tumor formation, cancer, neoplasia, and non-malignant hyperproliferative disorders; specifically relating to compounds of formula I:
Benzyl and pyridinyl derivatives as modulators of the hedgehog signaling pathway
申请人:Dai Miao
公开号:US08536168B2
公开(公告)日:2013-09-17
The present disclosure relates to compounds relating to the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies relating to the Hedgehog pathway, including but not limited to tumor formation, cancer, neoplasia, and non-malignant hyperproliferative disorders; specifically relating to compounds of formula I:
Complementation of Biotransformations with Chemical C–H Oxidation: Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Tertiary Amines in Complex Pharmaceuticals
作者:Julien Genovino、Stephan Lütz、Dalibor Sames、B. Barry Touré
DOI:10.1021/ja405471h
日期:2013.8.21
The isolation, quantitation, and characterization of drug metabolites in biological fluids remain challenging. Rapid access to oxidized drugs could facilitate metabolite identification and enable early pharmacology and toxicity studies. Herein, we compared biotransformations to classical and new chemical C-H oxidation methods using oxcarbazepine, naproxen, and an early compound hit (phthalazine 1). These studies illustrated the low preparative efficacy of biotransformations and the inability of chemical methods to oxidize complex pharmaceuticals. We also disclose an aerobic catalytic protocole (CuI/air) to oxidize tertiary amines and benzylic CH's in drugs. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functionalities and displays a high level of chemoselectivity, which is not generally explained by the strength of the C-H bonds but by the individual structural chemotype. This study represents a first step toward establishing a chemical toolkit (chemotransformations) that can selectively oxidize C-H bonds in complex pharmaceuticals and rapidly deliver drug metabolites.