C–H carboxylation of heteroarenes with ambient CO<sub>2</sub>
作者:Sabine Fenner、Lutz Ackermann
DOI:10.1039/c6gc00200e
日期:——
The C-H carboxylation of heteroarenes was achieved under transition metal-free reaction conditions with naturally abundant CO2 as the C1 source at relatively low temperature.
Cooking with gas: Copper complexes serve as excellent catalysts for the directcarboxylation of aromatic heterocyclic CHbonds with CO2, thereby offering an economical and environmentally benign process for the synthesis of heterocyclic carboxylic esters (see scheme; IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene). Some active intermediates of this reaction have been isolated and structurally
Carboxylic Acid Salts as Dual‐Function Reagents for Carboxylation and Carbon Isotope Labeling
作者:Shuo Wang、Igor Larrosa、Hideki Yorimitsu、Gregory J. P. Perry
DOI:10.1002/anie.202218371
日期:2023.3.27
The potassium salt of triphenylacetic acid is developed as a combined source of CO2 and base/metalating agent. This method avoids specialized equipment and is used in the carboxylation of a range of compound classes. This provides a mechanistically distinct approach to carboxylation that has also been applied in carbon isotopelabeling.
三苯乙酸的钾盐被开发为 CO 2和碱/金属化剂的组合来源。该方法无需专用设备,可用于一系列化合物类别的羧化。这提供了一种机械上不同的羧化方法,该方法也已应用于碳同位素标记。
Structure–Activity Study of <i>N</i>-((<i>trans</i>)-4-(2-(7-Cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1<i>H</i>-indole-2-carboxamide (SB269652), a Bitopic Ligand That Acts as a Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptor
作者:Jeremy Shonberg、Christopher Draper-Joyce、Shailesh N. Mistry、Arthur Christopoulos、Peter J. Scammells、J. Robert Lane、Ben Capuano
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00581
日期:2015.7.9
We recently demonstrated that 5B269652 (1) engages one protomer of a dopamine D-2 receptor (D2R) dimer in a bitopic mode to allosterically inhibit the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. Herein, we investigate structural determinants for allostery, focusing on modifications to three moieties within 1. We find that orthosteric "head" groups with small 7-substituents were important to maintain the limited negative cooperativity of analogues of 1, and replacement of the tetrahydroisoquinoline head group with other D2R "privileged structures" generated orthosteric antagonists. Additionally, replacement of the cyclohexylene linker with polymethylene chains conferred linker length dependency in allosteric pharmacology. We validated the importance of the indolic NH as a hydrogen bond donor moiety for maintaining allostery. Replacement of the indole ring with azaindole conferred a 30-fold increase in affinity while maintaining negative cooperativity. Combined, these results provide novel SAR insight for bitopic ligands that act as negative allosteric modulators of the D2R.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptor Through Fragmentation of a Bitopic Ligand
作者:Shailesh N. Mistry、Jeremy Shonberg、Christopher J. Draper-Joyce、Carmen Klein Herenbrink、Mayako Michino、Lei Shi、Arthur Christopoulos、Ben Capuano、Peter J. Scammells、J. Robert Lane
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00585
日期:2015.9.10
Recently, we have demonstrated that N-((trans)-4-(2-(7-cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (0269652) (1) adopts a bitopic pose at one protomer of a dopamine D-2 receptor (D2R) dimer to negatively modulate the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. The 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1 extends into a secondary pocket between the extracellular ends of TM2 and TM7 within the D2R protomer. To target this putative allosteric site, we generated and characterized fragments that include and extend from the 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1. N-Isopropyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (3) displayed allosteric pharmacology and sensitivity to mutations of the same residues at the top of TM2 as was observed for 1. Using 3 as an "allosteric lead", we designed and synthesized an extensive fragment library to generate novel SAR and identify N-butyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (11d), which displayed both increased negative cooperativity and affinity for the D2R. These data illustrate that fragmentation of extended compounds can expose fragments with purely allosteric pharmacology.