抗组胺药
抗组胺药是一类可逆性占领组胺受体的药物，它们通过竞争性阻断组胺与受体结合，从而表现出抗组胺作用。根据不同的组胺受体类型（H1和H2），抗组胺药也分为两类：H1受体阻断药，如具有抗过敏作用的苯海拉明等；H2受体阻断药，如具有抑制胃酸分泌作用的西咪替丁等。
抗组胺药在临床上应用广泛，主要适用于以下疾病和症状：
- 皮肤黏膜的变态反应性疾病
- 支气管哮喘
- 防治晕动症和呕吐
- 用于镇静和催眠
关于孕妇使用抗组胺药的安全性，目前尚无明确的指导原则。一般认为这类药物对胎儿没有明显的致畸影响；然而，在孕晚期的最后2周内使用这些药物可能会导致新生儿晶状体后纤维组织形成。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 异丁嗪 | Alimemazine | 84-96-8 | C18H22N2S |
|
| 左卡巴司丁 | (3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride | 79516-68-0 | C26H29FN2O2 |
|
| 富马酸氯马斯汀 | clemestine | 15686-51-8 | C21H26ClNO |
|
| 富马酸氯马斯汀 | Clemastine fumarate | 14976-57-9 | C4H4O4*C21H26ClNO |
|
| 奥洛他定 | olopatadine | 113806-05-6 | C21H23NO3 |
|
| 奥沙米特 | oxatomide | 60607-34-3 | C27H30N4O |
|
| 多西拉敏 | doxylamine | 469-21-6 | C17H22N2O |
|
| 地氯雷他定 | descarboethoxyloratadine | 100643-71-8 | C19H19ClN2 |
|
| 咳平 盐酸盐 | Cloperastine hydrochloride | 14984-68-0 | C20H24ClNO*ClH |
|
| 吡拉明马来酸盐 | mepyramine maleate | 59-33-6 | C4H3O4*C17H24N3O |
|
| 吡咯咪唑 | clemizole | 442-52-4 | C19H20ClN3 |
|
| 右溴苯那敏 | Dexbrompheniramine | 132-21-8 | C16H19BrN2 |
|
| 右扑尔敏 | dexchlorpheniramine | 25523-97-1 | C16H19ClN2 |
|
| 去氯羟嗪 | 4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]piperazine | 3733-63-9 | C21H28N2O2 |
|
| 卡巴斯汀 | (3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidin-1-ium-4-carboxylate | 79516-68-0 | C26H29FN2O2 |
|
| 依巴斯汀 | ebastine | 90729-43-4 | C32H39NO2 |
|
| 依匹斯汀盐酸盐 | epinastine hydrochloride | 108929-04-0 | C16H15N3*ClH |
|
| 依匹斯汀 | epinastine | 80012-43-7 | C16H15N3 |
|
| 二甲茚定 | Dimetindene | 5636-83-9 | C20H24N2 |
|
| 二甲替嗪 | dimethothiazin | 7456-24-8 | C19H25N3O2S2 |
|
| 乙异丁嗪 | N-<3-(2-ethyl-10H-10-phenothiazinyl)-2-methylpropyl>-N,N-dimethylamine | 523-54-6 | C20H26N2S |
|
| 丙酰马嗪 | propiomazine | 362-29-8 | C20H24N2OS |
|
| N,N-二甲基-2-(二苯甲氧基)乙胺柠檬酸盐 | diphenhydramine citrate | 88637-37-0 | C6H8O7*C17H21NO |
|
| 6,11-二氢-11-(1-甲基-4-哌啶亚基)-5H-苯并[5,6]环庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶 | azatadine | 3964-81-6 | C20H22N2 |
|
| 4-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]-2-(1-甲基氮杂环庚-4-基)酞嗪-1-酮盐酸盐 | azelastine hydrochloride | 79307-93-0 | C22H24ClN3O*ClH |
|
| 2-[2-[1-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-乙氧基]乙基]-1-甲基吡咯烷 | Clemastine | 7723-51-5 | C21H26ClNO |
|
| 1-[(4-氯苯基)苄基]-4-[(m-甲苯基)甲基]哌嗪盐酸盐 | Meclizine dihydrochloride | 1104-22-9 | C25H27ClN2*2ClH |
|
| (S)-氮卓斯汀盐酸盐 | (S)-Azelastine Hydrochloride | 153408-27-6 | C22H25Cl2N3O |
|
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-(2-tricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaenylidene)piperidin-1-ium;dichloride;trihydrate | 41354-29-4 | C42H50Cl2N2O3 |
|
| —— | Dibenzheptropine | 604-51-3 | C23H27NO |
|
| —— | MMV637229 | 7723-51-5 | C21H26ClNO |
|
| —— | Azatadine Maleate | 3978-86-7 | C28H30N2O8 |
|
| —— | Chloropheniramine maleate | 113-92-8 | C20H23ClN2O4 |
|
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-(2-tricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaenylidene)piperidine;trihydrate;hydrochloride | 41354-29-4 | C21H28ClNO3 |
|
| —— | Meclizine hydrochloride (500 MG) | 31884-77-2 | C25H30Cl2N2O |
|
| —— | 2-Pyridinepropanamine, gamma-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) | 980-71-2 | C20H25BrN2O4 |
|
| —— | [γ-(2-ethyl-phenothiazin-10-yl)-isobutyl]-dimethyl-amine | 523-54-6 | C20H26N2S |
|
| —— | levocetirizine dihydrochloride | 130018-87-0 | C21H25ClN2O3*2ClH |
|
| —— | cetirizine dihydrochloride | 83881-52-1 | C21H25ClN2O3*2ClH |
|
| —— | (+)-2-<2-<1-(4-Chlorphenyl)-1-phenylethoxy>ethyl>-1-methylpyrroliden-hydrogenfumarat | 14976-57-9 | C4H4O4*C21H26ClNO |
|
| —— | 2-formyl-3-methylindole | 569-65-3 | C10H9NO |
|
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