无机盐是指一类无机化合物的统称,是人类和动物合理营养所必需的重要营养素之一。它们在食物中大多以结合形式存在,在体液中则常解离为无机盐离子;少数如微量元素,则与蛋白质结合。
根据其在电场中带有的正、负电荷不同,无机盐可分为阳离子和阴离子两大类。其中,Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl⁻、HCO₃⁻、HPO₄²⁻ 因含量较多,被归为主流无机盐;而 Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cu⁺、Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Mn⁴⁺、Co²⁺、Cr³⁺、Cr⁶⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺ 以及 Br⁻ 和 I⁻ 只以微量存在于体内,被称为微量元素。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 氯化钒 | vanadium(III) chloride | 7718-98-1 | Cl3V |
| 氯化钐 | samarium(III) chloride | 10361-82-7 | Cl3Sm |
| 氯化钇 | yttrium(III) chloride | 10361-92-9 | Cl3Y |
| 氯化钆 | gadolinium(III) chloride | 10138-52-0 | Cl3Gd |
| 氯化金钠 | Sodium;trichlorogold;chloride | 15189-51-2 | AuCl4Na |
| 氯化氨基汞 | aminomercury chloride | 10124-48-8 | ClH2HgN |
| 氯化亚锰 | Manganese (II) chloride | 7773-01-5 | Cl2Mn |
| 氯化亚锡二水合物 | dichloroaquatin(II) monohydrate | 34275-59-7 | Cl2H2OSn*H2O |
| 氯化亚锡 | stannous chloride | 7772-99-8 | Cl2Sn |
| 氯化亚铟 | indium monochloride | 13465-10-6 | ClIn |
| 氯化亚铜 | copper(I) chloride | 7758-89-6 | ClCu |
| 氯化亚铁 | iron(II)chloride | 7758-94-3 | Cl2Fe |
| 氯化亚砜 | thionyl chloride | 7719-09-7 | Cl2OS |
| 氯化亚汞 | mercuric chloride | 7546-30-7 | ClHg |
| 氯亚钌酸铵 | tetrachlororuthenate | 23319-04-2 | Cl4Ru |
| 氮化镱 | Ytterbium nitride | 24600-77-9 | NYb |
| 氮化镨(III) | Praseodymium nitride | 25764-09-4 | NPr |
| 氮化镝 | Dysprosium nitride (DyN) | 12019-88-4 | DyN |
| 氮化镁 | Magnesium nitride | 12057-71-5 | C56H102Ir5O10 |
| 氮化锶 | Strontium nitride | 12033-82-8 | N2Sr3 |
| 氮化锰 | Nitridomanganese | 12033-07-7 | MnN |
| 氮化锗(III) | Germanium nitride | 12065-36-0 | Ge3N4 |
| 氮化锆 | ZrN | 25658-42-8 | NZr |
| 氮化锂 | lithium nitride | 26134-62-3 | Li3N |
| 氮化铬 | chromium(III) nitride | 12053-27-9 | CrN |
| 氮化铟(III) | Indium nitride | 25617-98-5 | InN |
| 氮化铝 | aluminum nitride | 24304-00-5 | AlN |
| 氮化铜 | Copper(1+) azanide--copper (1/1/2) | 1308-80-1 | Cu3H2N |
| 氮化铕 | Europium nitride | 12020-58-5 | EuN |
| 氮化铌 | niobium nitride | 24621-21-4 | NNb |
| 氮化钽 | tantalum nitride | 12033-62-4 | NTa |
| 氮化钼 | Molybdenum nitride (MoN) | 97953-19-0 | MoN |
| 氮化钬(III) | Holmium nitride | 12029-81-1 | HoN |
| 氮化钛 | titanium nitride | 11116-16-8 | NTi |
| 氮化钒 | Vanadium nitride | 24646-85-3 | VN |
| 氮化钇 | Yttrium nitride | 25764-13-0 | NY |
| 氮化钆 | Gadolinium nitride | 25764-15-2 | GdN |
| 氮化硼 | boron nitride | 10043-11-5 | BN |
| 氨基胍硝酸盐 | aminoguanidine nitrate | 10308-82-4 | CH6N4*HNO3 |
| 氨基磺酸铵 | ammonium sulfamate | 13765-36-1 | H2NO3S*H4N |
| 氨化硝酸钙 | ammonium pentacalcium nitrate | 15245-12-2 | 5Ca*H4N*11NO3 |
| 氧化镱(III) | Ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) | 1314-37-0 | O3Yb2 |
| 氧化镨(III) | Praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) | 12037-29-5 | O11Pr6-4 |
| 氧化镧(III) | Lanthanum(III) oxide | 1312-81-8 | La2O3 |
| 氧化镥 | Lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) | 12032-20-1 | Lu2O3 |
| 氧化镝(III) | Dysprosium oxide | 1308-87-8 | Dy2O3 |
| 氧化锶钛 | Strontium titanate | 12060-59-2 | SrTiO3 |
| 氧化锰 | manganese(II)oxide | 11129-60-5 | MnO |
| 氧化铽 | Terbium oxide (Tb2O3) | 12036-41-8 | O3Tb2 |
| 氧化银(II) | silver monoxide | 155645-89-9 | AgO |