酶是一种生物催化剂,是细胞内重要的蛋白质分子,在维持生命活动中起着关键作用。它们能够催化化学反应以实现高效的物质转化和能量转换,而自身在反应前后保持不变。酶具有高度的特异性,可以专一性地识别底物,并通过特定的活性位点与之结合。酶催化的反应通常发生在接近最适温度和pH值的条件下,且在生物体内受严格调控。
辅酶辅酶是酶促反应中的辅助因子之一,通常以非共价键形式与酶结合或参与催化过程。它们能够转移电子、质子或其他化学基团,在氧化还原反应中扮演重要角色。常见的辅酶包括NAD+(尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)、FAD(黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸)和CoA(辅酶A),这些化合物在能量代谢和其他生物过程中发挥关键作用。
酶与辅酶的关系酶与辅酶之间的关系密切。许多酶需要特定的辅酶才能进行有效的催化反应,这些酶-辅酶复合物共同完成复杂的生化过程。例如,在糖酵解过程中,多种辅酶如NAD+参与氧化还原步骤;而在脂肪酸合成中,辅酶A作为载体运输酰基中间体。
总结了解酶及辅酶的作用机制对于深入研究生命科学至关重要。它们在生物体内通过高度特异性和高效催化来调控各种代谢途径和信号传导路径,对维持细胞功能具有重要作用。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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木质素过氧化物酶 | versatile peroxidase | 114995-15-2 | —— | —— |
普罗米酶 | oryzin | 9014-01-2 | —— | —— |
抗坏血酸氧化酶 | L-ascorbate oxidase | 9029-44-1 | —— | —— |
抑胃酶氨酰-1474 | 5-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-isopropylphenyl dihydrogen phosphate | 83712-60-1 | C20H21N4O6P |
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心脂抗原 | citrate (pro-3S)-lyase | 9012-83-3 | —— | —— |
心肌黄酶(尿酸梭菌) | NADPH dehydrogenase | 9001-68-7 | —— | —— |
微球菌核酸酶 | micrococcal nuclease | 9013-53-0 | —— | —— |
弹性酶 | pancreatic elastase | 9004-06-2 | —— | —— |
差向异构酶 | aldose 1-epimerase | 182938-11-0 | —— | —— |
吡喃糖氧化酶 | pyranose oxidase | 37250-80-9 | —— | —— |
乳酸脱氢酶 | D-lactate dehydrogenase | 9028-36-8 | —— | —— |
乳酸氧化酶 | lactate 2-monooxygenase | 9028-72-2 | —— | —— |
乙醛脱氢酶 | aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] | 9028-88-0 | —— | —— |
乙醇脱氢酶 | alcohol dehydrogenase | 9031-72-5 | —— | —— |
乙酰肉碱转移酶 | carnitine O-acetyltransferase | 9029-90-7 | —— | —— |
丙酮酸激酶 | pyruvate kinase | 9001-59-6 | —— | —— |
丙酮酸氧化酶 | pyruvate oxidase | 9001-96-1 | —— | —— |
β-半乳糖苷酶 | β-D-galactopyranoside | 7296-64-2 | C6H12O6 |
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β-N-乙酰基氨基己糖酶 | beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase | 9027-52-5 | —— | —— |
beta-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷二钠 | NADH, disodium salt hydrate | 606-68-8 | C21H29N7Na2O14P2 |
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L-天冬酰氨酶 | asparaginase | 9015-68-3 | —— | —— |
D-酰化氨基酸水解酶 | N-acyl-D-amino-acid deacylase | 65979-42-2 | —— | —— |
D-果糖脱氢酶 | fructose 5-dehydrogenase | 37250-85-4 | —— | —— |
CarbonicAnhydrase来源于牛红细胞 | carbonic anhydrase | 9001-03-0 | —— | —— |
BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE来源于人类血清 | cholinesterase | 9001-08-5 | —— | —— |
BETA-烟酰胺腺嘌呤双核苷酸 | 3'-NADPH | 50443-29-3 | C21H30N7NaO17P3 |
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4-羟基苯甲酰基-辅酶 A | S-4-hydrohybenzoyl coenzyme A | 27718-41-8 | C28H40N7O18P3S |
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—— | Antilysin | 9087-70-1 | C284H432N84O79S7 |
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—— | [[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate | 85-61-0 | C21H36N7O16P3S |
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—— | [[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate | 85-61-0 | C21H36N7O16P3S |
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—— | Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt (reduced form) | 2646-71-1 | C21H34N7Na4O21P3 |
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—— | disodium;1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[[[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidate | 24292-60-2 | C21H26N7Na2O17P3 |
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—— | Lysozyme (chicken egg white) | 9001-63-2 | C99H159N37O23 |
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—— | (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimine | 23256-30-6 | C10H13N3O5S |
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—— | nifurtimox | 39072-15-6 | C10H13N3O5S |
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—— | H-D-Arg-Pro-D-Asp-Phe-D-Cys(1)-D-Leu-Glu-D-Pro-Pro-D-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Lys-D-Ala-Arg-Ile-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Tyr-Phe-D-Tyr-Asn-D-Ala-Lys-D-Ala-Gly-D-Leu-D-Cys(3)-Gln-Thr-Phe-D-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-D-Cys(2)-Arg-D-Ala-Lys-Arg-D-Asn-Asn-D-Phe-Lys-D-Ser-Ala-D-Glu-Asp-D-Cys(3)-Met-D-Arg-Thr-Cys(1)-Gly-Gly-D-Ala-OH | 9087-70-1 | C284H432N84O79S7 |
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—— | (4-nitrophenyl)methyl (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3,4-diphenoxy-5-phosphonooxy-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 39450-01-6 | C29H27N2O12P |
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—— | Succinyl coenzyme A sodium salt | 108347-97-3 | C25H38N7O19P3S-2 |
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—— | beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced disodium salt trihydrate | 606-68-8 | C21H33N7Na2O17P2 |
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—— | NADP<sup>+</sup> monosodium salt | 1184-16-3 | C21H27N7O17P3*Na |
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—— | IGS2.7 | 1579991-01-7 | C16H10ClF3N2OS |
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—— | 18534-66-2 | C62H89CoN13O14P |
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—— | NADPH(4-) | 2646-71-1 | C21H26N7O17P3-4 |
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—— | Enterobacter ribonuclease | 9001-99-4 | —— | —— |
—— | AMP deaminase | 9025-10-9 | —— | —— |
—— | lysostaphin | 9011-93-2 | —— | —— |
—— | neutrophil collagenase | 9001-12-1 | —— | —— |
—— | microbial collagenase | 9001-12-1 | —— | —— |
—— | interstitial collagenase | 9001-12-1 | —— | —— |
—— | aspergillopepsin II | 9025-49-4 | —— | —— |