Tacripyrines, the First Tacrine−Dihydropyridine Hybrids, as Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
摘要:
Tacripyrines (1-14) have been designed by combining an ACNE inhibitor (tacrine) with a calcium antagonist such as nimodipine and are targeted to develop a multitarget therapeutic strategy to confront AD. Tacripyrines are selective and potent ACNE inhibitors in the nanomolar range. The mixed type inhibition of hAChE activity of compound 11 (IC50 105 +/- 15 nM) is associated to a 30.7 +/- 8.6% inhibition of the proaggregating action of ACNE on the A beta and a moderate inhibition of A beta self-aggregation (34.9 +/- 5.4%). Molecular modeling indicates that binding of compound 11 to the ACNE PAS mainly involves the (R)-11 enantiomer, which also agrees with the noncompetitive inhibition mechanism exhibited by p-methoxytacripyrine 11. Tacripyrines are neuroprotective agents, show moderate Ca2+ channel blocking effect, and cross the blood-brain barrier, emerging as lead candidates for treating AD.
Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on Enantiomerically Pure p-Methoxytacripyrines, Promising Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
The S and R isomers of p‐methoxytacripyrine, a recently developed multi‐target‐directed agent for the treatment of Alzheimer'sdisease, were investigated. The S enantiomer has emerged as a new promising drug candidate inhibiting cholinesterase activity, amyloid aggregation and showing significant neuroprotective properties against Aβ25–35‐induced cytotoxicity.