Nontoxic and Neuroprotective β-Naphthotacrines for Alzheimer’s Disease
摘要:
The synthesis, toxicity, neuroprotection, and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) / human butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) inhibition properties of beta-naphthotacrines 1-14 as new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) potential treatment, are reported. beta-Naphthotacrines 1-14 showed lower toxicity than tacrine; moreover, at the highest concentration assayed (300 mu M) compounds 7, 10 and 11 displayed 2.25-2.01-fold higher cell viability than tacrine in HepG2 cells. A neuroprotective effect was observed for compounds 10 and 11 in a neuronal cortical culture exposed to a combination of oligomycin A/rotenone. An efficient and selective inhibition of hAChE, was only observed for the beta-naphthotacrines bearing electron-donating substituents at the aromatic ring, beta-naphthotacrine 10 being the most potent (hAChE: IC50 = 0.083 +/- 0.024 mu M). Kinetic inhibition analysis clearly demonstrated that beta-naphthotacrine 10 behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor (K-i2 = 0.72 +/- 0.06 mu M) at high substrate concentrations (0.5-10 mu M), while at low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mu M) it behaves as a hAChE competitive inhibitor (K-i1 = 0.007 +/- 0.001 mu M). These findings identified beta-naphthotacrine 10 as a potent and selective hAChE inhibitor in a nanomolar range, with toxicity lower than that of tacrine both in human hepatocytes and rat cortical neurons, with a potent neuroprotective activity and, consequently, an attractive multipotent active molecule of potential application in AD treatment.
One-pot synthesis of chromenes in the presence of nano-cellulose/Ti<sup>(IV)</sup>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as natural-based magnetic nano-catalysts under solvent free conditions
作者:Raziyeh Gholami、Abdolhamid Bamoniri、Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili
DOI:10.1039/d2ra05057a
日期:——
such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, EDX, TEM, TGA and VSM were used to characterize the catalysts. Then, the identified catalysts were used for the synthesis of various chromene skeletons via reaction of malononitrile, aldehyde and dimedone, 4-hydroxycoumarine or 2-naphthole at 70 °C under solvent free conditions. The spectroscopic methods used to determine the structure of the products include 13C NMR, 1H NMR