溴化银 | 7785-23-1

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 胶态贵金属及其化合物
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 溴化银
• 英文名称: silver(I) bromide
• 英文别名: Silver bromide；silver monobromide；Silverbromide；silver;bromide
• CAS: 7785-23-1；14358-95-3
• 化学式: AgBr
• 分子量: 187.772
• InChiKey: ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M

物化性质

• 熔点：
  432 °C (lit.)
• 沸点：
  700 °C
• 密度：
  6.473 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• 溶解度：
  不溶于水、酸溶液、乙醇
• 介电常数：
  12.2（0.0℃）

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.84
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

溴主要通过吸入进入人体，但也可能通过皮肤接触。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的活性，它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。银化合物也可以通过口腔和皮肤吸收。它通过血液分布到全身，尤其是肝脏。不溶的银盐转化为可溶的银硫化蛋白盐，与RNA、DNA和蛋白质中的氨基或羧基团结合，或者被抗坏血酸或儿茶酚胺还原为金属银。金属银被氧化，可能会沉积在组织中，导致银质沉着病。银主要通过粪便排出体外。

Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. Silver compounds can also be absorbed orally and dermally. It distributes throughout the body in the blood, particularily to the liver. Insoluble silver salts are transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates, bind to amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins, or are reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. Silver is eliminated primarily in the faeces. (L808, L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

溴是一种强大的氧化剂，能够从粘膜组织中的水分解出氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂，会导致组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成会导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子替代神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。金属银被氧化并可能在组织中沉积，导致银质沉着病。银离子已知会抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活性，分别干扰硒催化的巯基氧化还原反应和细胞内离子浓度。银纳米粒子被认为会干扰线粒体呼吸链，导致氧化应激、ATP合成减少和DNA损伤。（L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L626, L627, A543）

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L626, L627, A543)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构名录）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中睡意到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、麻痹、眼乳头水肿、语言异常、脑水肿、精神错乱、攻击性和精神病的中心反应。长期接触高水平的银可能会导致一种称为阿耳戈利亚的病症，即皮肤和其他身体组织的蓝灰色变色。阿耳戈利亚是一种永久性效应，但似乎对健康无害。虽然银本身不有毒，但大多数银盐都有毒，可能会损害肝脏、肾脏和中枢神经系统，并且可能具有致癌性。

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. (L808, L809, L810, L625, L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L626）；吸入（L626）；皮肤给药（L626）

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自口咽和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，会引起共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。长期接触高水平的银可能会导致一种称为阿耳咯病（argyria）的状况，即皮肤和其他身体组织的蓝灰色色素沉着。阿耳咯病是一种永久性效应，但似乎对健康无害。空气中银含量过高会导致呼吸问题、肺和喉咙刺激以及胃痛。银与皮肤的接触可能会在某些人身上引起轻微的过敏反应，如皮疹、肿胀和炎症。（L808, L626, L627）

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808, L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  9
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S22,S24/25
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P280,P301+P312,P302+P352,P305+P351+P338
• 危险性描述：
  H302,H315,H319,H335

制备方法与用途

水中溶解度(g/100ml)：每100毫升水中的溶解克数为1.328×10^-5（20℃）。

用途 本试剂主要用于分析测试，适用于铷的微量测定、电镀以及照相制版等领域。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (1R,4S,5R)-5-bromo-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 、 溴化银 生成 exo-5-bromo-2,3-dioxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  BLOODWORTH A. J.; EGGELTE H. J., TETRAHEDRON LETT., 1980, 21, NO 20, 2001-2004

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  silver nitrate 生成 溴化银
  参考文献：
  名称：

  ITIKAVA, YASUNORI;KATO, AKIRI;ONISI, XIROSI;SEHMEHBEH, SIGEHXARU

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  1,3-二叔丁基苯 、 溴 在 silver nitrate 溴化银 、 溶剂黄146 、 二氯甲烷 、 水 、 sodium hydrogensulfite 、 Sodium sulfate-III 、 正庚烷 作用下， 以 溶剂黄146 为溶剂， 反应 2.75h， 以gave 7.07 g of the title compound, b.p. 82°-84° C. (1 mm)的产率得到1-bromo-2,4-di-tert-butylbenzene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Derivatives of aromatic cyclic alkylethers

  摘要：

  本发明提供的化合物的公式为：##STR1##及其药学上可接受的盐，其中：R.sup.1和R.sup.2均为烷基；n为1至4的整数；x为氧或--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --；m为1至3的整数；y为氧或硫；p为1至4的整数。这些化合物是COX-I和/或COX-II的抑制剂，可用于治疗与炎症相关的疾病。本发明还提供了包含公式I化合物的治疗有效量和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物，以及一种用于治疗动物炎症相关疾病的方法，包括向动物施用公式I化合物的治疗有效量。

  公开号：

  US05420343A1

文献信息

• Heat developable light-sensitive oxazoline containing element
  申请人：Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04009039A1

  公开（公告）日：1977-02-22

  A heat developable light-sensitive element having reduced thermal fogging and improved light stability comprising a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a light-sensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming a light-sensitive silver halide upon reaction with the organic silver salt, (c) a reducing agent, and (d) an oxazolinone compound.

  具有降低热雾和提高光稳定性的热显影感光元件，包括支撑体，其中含有或在其一层中含有(a)有机银盐，(b)感光性银卤化物或能够在与有机银盐反应时形成感光性银卤化物的化合物，(c)还原剂和(d)噁唑烷酮化合物。
• Heat developable light-sensitive material incorporating a substituted
  申请人：Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04021249A1

  公开（公告）日：1977-05-03

  A heat developable light-sensitive material having reduced fog, increased whiteness, and stability to normal room illumination comprising a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a light-sensitive silver halide or a component capable of forming a light-sensitive silver halide upon reaction with the organic silver salt (a), and (c) as a reducing agent an s-triazine-2,4,6-(1H, 3H, 5H)-trione substituted with a phenol derivative (having a substituted group in at least one of the o-positions thereof with respect to the hydroxyl group) in at least one of the 1-, 3- or 5-positions.

  一种具有减少雾度、增加白度和对常规室内照明稳定性的热显影感光材料，包括支撑体，其内或在其一层中含有（a）有机银盐、（b）感光银卤化物或能够在与有机银盐（a）反应时形成感光银卤化物的组分，以及（c）作为还原剂的苯酚衍生物取代的s-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮，至少在1-,3-或5-位置之一含有一个o-位置的取代基与羟基相对应。
• Process for producing heat developable light-sensitive compositions and
  申请人：Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04213784A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-07-22

  In a process for producing thermally developable light-sensitive composition which comprises heating a composition containing (a) an organic silver salt and (b) a light-sensitive silver halide, the improvement wherein the heating is conducted in the presence of (c) a sulfur-containing compound.

  在生产热敏感光敏组合物的过程中，包含（a）有机银盐和（b）光敏银卤化物的组合物被加热的改进方法在于，在存在（c）含硫化合物的情况下进行加热。
• Heat-developable light-sensitive materials using the reaction product of
  申请人：Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04003749A1

  公开（公告）日：1977-01-18

  A heat-developable light-sensitive material comprising a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon an organic silver (b) a light-sensitive silver halide, and (c) a reducing agent, with the light-sensitive silver halide comprising the reaction product of a part of the organic silver salt and an N-halo compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each is a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; a haloalkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; an amino group; a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; an allyl group; a naphthyl group; a benzyl group; a ##STR2## group in which R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkylthio group, an amino group or an alkylamino group; a benzyloxy group; an aryl group; a haloaryl group; an alkylaryl group; and alkoxyaryl group; an --OR.sub.6 group in which R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an allyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxyaryl group; a ##STR3## group in which R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 each is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an allyl group; a cyclohexyl group; a --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.9 group in which R.sub.9 is a naphthyl group; or a --CH.sub.2 R.sub.10 in which R.sub.10 is a morpholino group, a piperadino group or an alkylthio group; and X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.

  一种热显影感光材料，包括支撑体，其中或其上的一层中含有有机银（b）、感光性银卤化物和还原剂，其中感光性银卤化物包括有机银盐的一部分和下式（I）所表示的N-卤素化合物的反应产物： ##STR1## 其中，R1、R2、R3和R4分别是氢原子；具有1至22个碳原子的烷基；具有1至22个碳原子的卤代烷基；氨基；具有1至22个碳原子的羟基烷基；烯丙基；萘基；苄基； ##STR2## 其中，R5是氢原子、卤素原子、烷基、烷硫基、氨基或烷基氨基；苄氧基；芳基；卤代芳基；烷基芳基；和烷氧基芳基；--OR6基，其中R6是氢原子、烷基、烯丙基、芳基或烷氧基芳基； ##STR3## 其中，R7和R8分别是氢原子、烷基、芳基或烯丙基；环己基；--CH2OR9基，其中R9是萘基；或--CH2R10，其中R10是吗啡基、哌啶基或烷硫基；X是氯原子或溴原子。
• Thermally developable photosensitive material
  申请人：Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04021250A1

  公开（公告）日：1977-05-03

  A thermally developable photosensitive material comprising a support having thereon in one or more layers, (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a catalytic amount of a photosensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming photosensitive silver halide, (c) a reducing agent, (d) a binder and (e) at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is an alkyl group or an aralkyl group; and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a chloroanilino group, a benzyloxy group, a 2-oxo-1-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)propyl group or a substituted phenyl group having one or more of a chlorine atom, an alkyl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group and a dialkylamino group as substituents; the following general formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is a ##STR3## group, a ##STR4## group or a --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH-- group; and n is an integer of 1 to 5; or the following general formula (III), ##STR5## wherein R.sub.5 is an aryl group, a 3-pyridyl group or a 2-thienyl group, and X is --S--, --O-- or --NH--.

  一种热可显影的光敏材料，包括一种支撑物，在其中一个或多个层中含有(a)有机银盐，(b)光敏银卤化物或能形成光敏银卤化物的化合物的催化量，(c)还原剂，(d)粘合剂和(e)至少一种由以下通式（I）表示的化合物，其中R1和R2分别是烷基或芳基烷基；R3是氢原子，烷基，氯苯胺基，苄氧基，2-氧代-1-(N-苯基氨甲酰)丙基基或具有氯原子，烷基，氨基，烷基氨基和二烷基氨基等取代基的取代苯基；以下通式（II）：其中R4是##STR3##基，##STR4##基或--NH(CH2)n--NH--基；n是1到5的整数；或以下通式（III）：其中R5是芳基，3-吡啶基或2-噻吩基，X是--S--，--O--或--NH--。

表征谱图