Methyl 3-nitrothiophene-2-carboxylate was reduced with bismuth(III) chloride/potassium borohydride to give an unstable hydroxylamine which was oxidised without isolation using iron(III) chloride to give methyl 3-nitrosothiophene-2-carboxylate. Condensation of this with methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate furnished the azodiester. This was more conveniently obtained by manganese dioxide oxidation of the aminoester. Hydrolysis of the azodiester to give the diacid followed by decarboxylation gave 3,3′-azothiophene which could be oxidised to 3,3′- azoxythiophene with hydrogen peroxide. The azodiester was oxidised to the corresponding azoxydiester with urea-hydrogen peroxide/trifluoroacetic anhydride and reduced to the related hydrazothiophenediester with diimide.
用氯化铋(III)/硼氢化钾还原 3-硝基噻吩-2-甲酸甲酯,得到一种不稳定的羟胺,再用氯化铁(III)进行氧化而不分离,得到 3-硝基噻吩-2-甲酸甲酯。将其与 3-氨基噻吩-2-甲酸甲酯缩合,得到叠氮二酯。通过二氧化锰氧化氨基酯可以更方便地获得叠氮二酯。水解叠氮二酯得到二酸,然后脱羧得到 3,3′-叠氮噻吩,用过氧化氢可氧化成 3,3′-叠氮氧噻吩。叠氮二酯用脲-过氧化氢/三氟乙酸酐氧化成相应的叠氮二酯,再用二亚胺还原成相关的肼基噻吩二酯。