Halogenated 2,5-pyrrolidinediones: synthesis, bacterial mutagenicity in Ames tester strain TA-100 and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations
摘要:
The chloroimide 3,3-dichloro-4-(dichloromethylene)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione, a tetrachloroitaconimide, is the principal mutagen produced by chlorination of simulated poultry chiller water. It is the second most potent mutagenic disinfection by-product of chlorination ever reported. Six of seven new synthetic analogs of this compound are direct-acting mutagens in Ames tester strain TA-100. Computed energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E-LUMO) and of the radical anion stability (DeltaH(f)(rad) - DeltaH(f)) from MNDO-PM3 for the chloroimides show a quantitative correlation with the Ames TA-100 bacterial mutagenicity values. The molar mutagenicities of these direct acting mutagenic imides having an exocyclic double bond fit the same linear correlation (InMm vs. E-LUMO; In M-m vs. DeltaH(f)(rad) - DeltaH(f)) as the chlorinated 2(5H)-furanones, including the potent mutagen MX, 3-chloro-4-(dichoro-methyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, a by-product of water chlorination and paper bleaching with chlorine. Mutagenicity data for related haloimides having endocyclic double bonds are also given. For the same number of chlorine atoms, the imides with endocyclic double bonds have significantly higher Ames mutagenicity compared to their structural analogs with exocyclic double bonds, but do not follow the same E-LUMO or DeltaH(f)(rad) - DeltaH(f) correlation as the exocyclic chloroimides and the chlorinated 2(5H)-furanones. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Attempted Synthesis of Tricyclo[3.3.2.0<sup>24</sup>]DEC-2(4)-ENE
作者:Philip J. Chenier、Michael J. Bauer、Dale A. Southard
DOI:10.1080/00397919608003729
日期:1996.3
Abstract The synthesis of tricyclo[3.3.2.02,4]-dec-2(4)-ene (3) has been attempted using a route analogous to those previously developed for 1 and 2. Complications were encountered in the synthesis. The conformational problems of the larger polycyclic structures in the synthesis of 3 must be more difficult to overcome than the increased angle strain of the smaller rings when 1 or 2 are synthesized
The dehalogenations of 1,5-dihalobicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and 1,6-dihalobicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes have been studied in solution and in the gas phase. The solution reactions led to the formation of bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1(5)-ene and bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1(6)-ene, respectively, but this was followed by rapid ene reactions forming dimers, which then coupled to form tetramers. The cyclopropenes could be trapped as Diels-Alder adducts. In the gas phase, with use of either potassium atoms or solid methyllithium, the products of thermal ring opening, methylenecyclopentene and methylenecyclohexene, were formed. A set of theoretical calculations was carried out dealing with the strain energies, inversion barriers, bond properties, and atom properties of bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene, bicyclo[2.1.0]pent-1(4)-ene, and the cyclopropenes from the experimental study. Whereas bicyclohexene and bicycloheptene appear to be fairly normal compounds except for their high strain energies, bicyclopentene may be a transition state for the carbon scrambling of methylenecyclobutylidene, and bicyclobutene has an unusual structure and charge-density distribution.
Synthesis and chemistry of some tricyclic cyclopropenes. 3. Tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]oct-2(4)-ene
作者:Philip J. Chenier、Michael J. Bauer、Christina L. Hodge
DOI:10.1021/jo00048a032
日期:1992.10
The title compound cyclopropene 2 has been synthesized in situ from dibromide 8 and diiodide 9 via dehalogenation of tert-butyllithium in THF at -78-degrees-C. The dihalides were formed in six steps starting with cyclopentadiene and (chloromethyl)maleic anhydride. In the presence of diphenylisobenzofuran (DPIBF) 2 forms a Diels-Alder adduct, most probably 10. Cyclopropene 2 and a previously synthesized cyclopropene 1 were decomposed under these same conditions, only without DPIBF present, to give complex mixtures of products, some of which were characterized as tert-butyl adducts and dimers via the ene reaction of the cyclopropenes.