Highly Selective Hydroxylation and Alkoxylation of Silanes: One-Pot Silane Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes/Ketones
作者:Nianhua Luo、Jianhua Liao、Lu Ouyang、Huiling Wen、Yuhong Zhong、Jitian Liu、Weiping Tang、Renshi Luo
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00716
日期:2020.1.13
An efficient chemoselective iridium-catalyzed method for the hydroxylation and alkoxylation of organosilanes to generate hydrogen gas and silanols or silyl ethers was developed. A variety of sterically hindered silanes with alkyl, aryl, and ether groups were tolerated. Furthermore, this atom-economical catalytic protocol can be used for the synthesis of silanediols and silanetriols. A one-pot silane
Ultra small goldnanoparticles supported by porous silica (Au–SiO2) were successfully synthesized. Due to enrichment of reactants by silica, the Au–SiO2 particles functioned as nanoreactors for catalytic etherification of silanes with high selectivity and reusability. The reaction kinetics indicated that the catalysis operated by a zero order reaction mechanism, which is contrary to previously reported
成功地合成了由多孔二氧化硅(Au–SiO 2)负载的超小金纳米粒子。由于二氧化硅中反应物的富集,Au–SiO 2颗粒起纳米反应器的作用,具有高选择性和可重复使用性,可将硅烷催化醚化。反应动力学表明,该催化作用是通过零级反应机理进行的,这与先前报道的均相催化剂相反,并且采用相同的方法制备的Au–Al 2 O 3和Au–FeO x也是相反的。该反应的机理由Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型描述,速率确定步骤是金纳米颗粒上的表面反应。
Highly Efficient Etherification of Silanes by Using a Gold Nanoparticle Catalyst: Remarkable Effect of O<sub>2</sub>
O2 is acting! A nanosized hydroxylapatite‐supported Au nanoparticle (NP) catalyst exhibited high activity under aerobic conditions, and various silyl ethers could be obtained from diverse combinations of silanes with alcohols. Moreover, O2 was found to act not as a stoichiometric oxidizing reagent, but as a non‐consumed promoter, significantly boosting the catalytic activity of AuNPs (see figure).
O 2正在表演!纳米羟基磷灰石负载的金纳米颗粒(NP)催化剂在好氧条件下表现出高活性,并且可以通过硅烷与醇的各种组合获得各种甲硅烷基醚。此外,发现O 2并不是化学计量的氧化剂,而是非消耗型促进剂,从而大大增强了AuNPs的催化活性(见图)。
An Efficient Solvent-Free Route to Silyl Esters and Silyl Ethers
作者:Yuko Ojima、Kazuya Yamaguchi、Noritaka Mizuno
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200900230
日期:2009.6
Abstractmagnified imageDinuclear metal complexes, especially (p‐cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2}, have been found to exhibit high catalytic performance for the dehydrosilylation of various kinds of carboxylic acids and alcohols. The dehydrosilylation with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 proceeded efficiently with only one equivalent of silane with respect to substrate (carboxylic acids or alcohols) under solvent‐free conditions to give the corresponding silyl esters and ethers in excellent yields with a high turnover number (TON) and frequency (TOF). The 1H NMR spectrum of a toluene‐d8 solution of [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 and a silane showed a signal assignable to the ruthenium hydride species. In contrast, no new signals were detected in the 1H NMR spectrum of a toluene‐d8 solution of [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 and a carboxylic acid or an alcohol. Therefore, the ruthenium metal in [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 activates a silane to afford the hydride intermediate, possibly a silylmetal hydride species. Then, the nucleophilic attack of a substrate (carboxylic acid or alcohol) to the hydride intermediate proceeds to give the corresponding silylated product. The present dehydrosilylation with an optically active silane proceeded exclusively under inversion of stereochemistry at the chiral silicon center, suggesting that the nucleophilic attack of a substrate to the hydride intermediate occurs from the backside of the ruthenium‐silicon bond.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Self-Assembled-Monolayer-Capped Gold Nanoparticles
作者:Tomoya Taguchi、Katsuhiro Isozaki、Kazushi Miki
DOI:10.1002/adma.201202979
日期:2012.12.18
An unprecedented substrate-selective catalytic enhancement effect of an alkanethiol-self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported. In the supported 2D-array of AuNPs, the alkanethiol-SAM acts as a protein-like soft reaction space in which the substrate molecules are encapsulated through non-covalent intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, and thus catalytic reactions are accelerated at AuNP surfaces.