Synthesis of Electronically Diverse Tetraarylimidazolylidene Carbenes via Catalytic Aldimine Coupling
摘要:
A new method for synthesizing symmetrical N-heterocyclic imidazolium salts is described. Catalytic coupling of aldimines with cyanide followed by oxidation gives alpha-diketimines, which can then be cyclized with formaldehyde in acidic media. This two-step procedure requires no chromatography and allows the synthesis of electronically diverse 1,3,4,5-tetraarylimidazolylidene carbenes.
Synthesis of Electronically Diverse Tetraarylimidazolylidene Carbenes via Catalytic Aldimine Coupling
摘要:
A new method for synthesizing symmetrical N-heterocyclic imidazolium salts is described. Catalytic coupling of aldimines with cyanide followed by oxidation gives alpha-diketimines, which can then be cyclized with formaldehyde in acidic media. This two-step procedure requires no chromatography and allows the synthesis of electronically diverse 1,3,4,5-tetraarylimidazolylidene carbenes.
A lanthanoid metal-mediated novel reductive dimerization/oxidative dehydrogenation of a variety of aldimines has been achieved. Aromatic aldimines (1) were dimerized in the presence of 0.5 mol of ytterbium metal (Yb) and 1-naphthaldehyde (1-NpCHO) to give the corresponding vicinal diimines (2) in good to high yields. Samarium metal (Sm) or samarium(II) diiodide (SmI2) gives unsatisfied yields under the same reaction conditions. As an oxidant, 1-NpCHO gives the best result. In addition, HMPA plays an important role as a cosolvent in this reaction. Reaction of various aldimines with Yb metal is disscussed in detail. Moreover, it has been found that the electron-donating substitutents on the benzene ring promote the reaction and that the electron-withdrawing substitutents retard the reaction. The reaction of deuterated N-benzylideneaniline with Yb metal confirmed that transformation of the hydride occurred from aldimines to the oxidant aldehyde. The mechanism of the reaction was discussed.
Novel Syntheses of 2-Ethoxy- and 2-Phenoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4,5-tetraaryl-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-<i>P</i>
<sup>v</sup>-1,3,2-diazaphospholes and of 2-Ethoxy-2-thioxo-3,4,5-triaryl-2,3-dihydro-<i>P</i>
<sup>v</sup>-1,3,2-oxazaphospholes