Chemoselective Transfer of Allyl or Phenyl Group from Allyl(phenyl)germanes in Pd-catalyzed Reactions with Aryl Halides
作者:Jean-Philippe Pitteloud、Yong Liang、Stanislaw F. Wnuk
DOI:10.1246/cl.2011.967
日期:2011.9.5
Treatment of chloro(phenyl)germanes with allylmagnesium bromide yielded allyl(phenyl)germanes. Coupling of the allyl(phenyl)germanes with aryl halides in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of aqueous NaOH and Pd catalyst resulted in Heck-type transfer of the allyl group providing the corresponding allylated aryls. On the other hand, reaction of allyl(phenyl)germanes with SbF5 intercalated in graphite in toluene and subsequent treatment of the resulting germanyl fluorides with TBAF generates reactive hypervalent fluorogermanates that undergo Stille-like Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl halides in wet toluene to provide biaryls.
Synthesis and Structure of Dawson Polyoxometalate-Based, Multifunctional, Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Compounds: Organogermyl Complexes with One Terminal Functional Group and Organosilyl Analogues with Two Terminal Functional Groups
作者:Kenji Nomiya、Yoshihiro Togashi、Yuhki Kasahara、Shotaro Aoki、Hideaki Seki、Marie Noguchi、Shoko Yoshida
DOI:10.1021/ic201336v
日期:2011.10.3
Four novel multifunctional polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic–organic hybrid compounds, [α2-P2W17O61(RGe)}]7– (Ge-1, R1 = HOOC(CH2)2– and Ge-2, R2 = H2C═CHCH2–) and [α2-P2W17O61(RSi)2O}]6– (Si-1, R1 and Si-2, R2), were prepared by incorporating organic chains having terminal functional groups (carboxylic acid and allyl groups) into monolacunary site of Dawson polyoxoanion [α2-P2W17O61]10–. In
Organotrichlorogermane synthesis by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chloride via dichlorogermylene intermediate
作者:Masaki Okamoto、Takuya Asano、Eiichi Suzuki
DOI:10.1039/b404590d
日期:——
Organotrichlorogermanes were synthesized by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides, methyl, propyl, isopropyl and allyl chlorides. Dichlorogermylene formed by the reaction of elemental germanium with tetrachlorogermane was the reaction intermediate, which was inserted into the carbon–chlorine bond of the organic chloride to give organotrichlorogermane. When isopropyl or allyl chloride was used as an organic chloride, organotrichlorogermane was formed also in the absence of tetrachlorogermane. These chlorides were converted to hydrogen chloride, which subsequently reacted with elemental germanium to give the dichlorogermylene intermediate. The reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides provides a simple and easy method for synthesizing organotrichlorogermanes, and all the raw materials are easily available.
The reaction of elemental germanium, hydrogenchloride, and ethylene with copper(I) chloride catalyst gave ethyltrichlorogermane with a 66% selectivity, tetrachlorogermane also being formed. The addition of tetrachlorogermane to the reaction system increased the formation rate of ethyltrichlorogermane. The reaction of germanium, tetrachlorogermane, and butadiene resulted in the formation of 1,1-di