Hypoxia and an Angiogenic Response in the Partially Obstructed Rat Bladder
摘要:
Previous molecular and blood flow studies performed on animal models of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) caused us to propose that bladder hypoxia/ischemia was a significant effector of the cellular and functional changes that occur in the bladder as a result of this condition. To confirm the occurrence of hypoxia in the partially obstructed bladder, we obtained rat bladders at increasing intervals following PBOO and measured biomarkers of hypoxia (intracellular formation of hypoxyprobe-1 adducts and expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha [HIF-1alpha] protein) and whether such hypoxia might elicit an angiogenic response in the tissue. Rats receiving PBOO or controls were treated with hypoxyprobe-1 at increasing intervals subsequent to surgery and their bladders were sectioned and immunostained using an antibody that detects hypoxyprobe-1 adducts. Control rat bladders were unstained, whereas intense, but regionally restricted, hypoxyprobe-1 immunostaining was detected in all obstructed bladders in a unique pattern that changed over time. Proteins were extracted from bladders removed from similarly treated rats and were analyzed for the expression of the HIF-1alpha protein as well as for expression of angiogenic regulatory factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and endostatin) using Western blotting techniques. HIF-1alpha protein was not expressed in control bladders, however, the protein was highly up-regulated over the 2-week period after PBOO. Likewise, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (a downstream target of HIF-1alpha action) and angiopoietin-1 was also up-regulated in obstructed bladders confirming an angiogenic response to this hypoxia. Enigmatically, however, expression of the antiangiogenic molecule endostatin was also up-regulated by chronic PBOO. These results further support the concept that hypoxia is involved in the cellular remodeling as well as in the progressive functional impairment exhibited by the urinary bladder after PBOO.
Unusual Cleavage of the ≡SiOSi Group by Organosilicon Hydrides: A New Route to , -Dihydrooligopermethylsiloxanes
作者:M. G. Voronkov、S. V. Basenko、I. A. Gebel'、Yu. A. Chuvashev
DOI:10.1023/b:doch.0000010333.98677.c6
日期:2003.12
Andrianov,K.A. et al., Journal of applied chemistry of the USSR, 1969, vol. 42, p. 828 - 831
作者:Andrianov,K.A. et al.
DOI:——
日期:——
Hypoxia and an Angiogenic Response in the Partially Obstructed Rat Bladder
作者:Mohamed A Ghafar、Aristotelis G Anastasiadis、L Eric Olsson、Paul Chichester、Steven A Kaplan、Ralph Buttyan、Robert M Levin
DOI:10.1097/01.lab.0000021135.87203.92
日期:2002.7
Previous molecular and blood flow studies performed on animal models of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) caused us to propose that bladder hypoxia/ischemia was a significant effector of the cellular and functional changes that occur in the bladder as a result of this condition. To confirm the occurrence of hypoxia in the partially obstructed bladder, we obtained rat bladders at increasing intervals following PBOO and measured biomarkers of hypoxia (intracellular formation of hypoxyprobe-1 adducts and expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha [HIF-1alpha] protein) and whether such hypoxia might elicit an angiogenic response in the tissue. Rats receiving PBOO or controls were treated with hypoxyprobe-1 at increasing intervals subsequent to surgery and their bladders were sectioned and immunostained using an antibody that detects hypoxyprobe-1 adducts. Control rat bladders were unstained, whereas intense, but regionally restricted, hypoxyprobe-1 immunostaining was detected in all obstructed bladders in a unique pattern that changed over time. Proteins were extracted from bladders removed from similarly treated rats and were analyzed for the expression of the HIF-1alpha protein as well as for expression of angiogenic regulatory factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and endostatin) using Western blotting techniques. HIF-1alpha protein was not expressed in control bladders, however, the protein was highly up-regulated over the 2-week period after PBOO. Likewise, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (a downstream target of HIF-1alpha action) and angiopoietin-1 was also up-regulated in obstructed bladders confirming an angiogenic response to this hypoxia. Enigmatically, however, expression of the antiangiogenic molecule endostatin was also up-regulated by chronic PBOO. These results further support the concept that hypoxia is involved in the cellular remodeling as well as in the progressive functional impairment exhibited by the urinary bladder after PBOO.