The Ruppert–Prakash reagent is the most powerful and well-documented reagent for trifluoromethylation. Despite its versatility, no general method exists for its use in a flow system. Here we report the first flow trifluoromethylation of carbonylcompounds and its utility for drug synthesis of efavirenz and HSD-016, including preliminary results of enantioselective variants.
Methods and compositions for treating alcohol use disorders
申请人:Sanna Pietro Paolo
公开号:US10039772B2
公开(公告)日:2018-08-07
Disclosed are methods and compositions for treating alcohol dependence by administration to a patient of an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD) to modulate glucocorticoid effects. One such compound is the 11β-HSD inhibitor carbenoxolone (18β-glycyrrhetinic acid 3β-O-hemisuccinate), which has been extensively employed in the clinic for the treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer. Carbenoxolone is active on both 11β-HSD1 and 2 isoforms. Here, carbenoxolone is surprisingly shown to reduce both baseline and excessive drinking in rats and mice. The carbenoxolone diastereomer 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid 3β-O-hemisuccinate (αCBX), which the applicants discovered to be selective for 11β-HSD2, was also effective in reducing alcohol drinking in mice. Thus, 11β-HSD inhibitors are a new class of candidate alcohol abuse medications and existing 11β-HSD inhibitor drugs may be re-purposed for alcohol abuse treatment.