Phase transfer catalyzed tert-alkylations of cyclopentadiene and indene: indications for set processes
作者:Eckehard V. Dehmlow、Christof Bollmann
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)93552-4
日期:1991.10
Scope and mechanism of the PTC tert-alkylation of cyclopentadienide anion have been investigated. On the side of the anion, the reaction is limited to cyclopentadiene and indene, whereas many tertiary as well as secondary and primary alkylating agents can be employed. Hexamethylcyclopentadiene 8, for instance, is available easily. Tert-alkylations of this type are more effective if 4,4'-bipyridinium salts are present in addition to a phase transfer catalyst. The reactions involve probably an initial single electron transfer (SET) step.
Highly selective ethylene trimerization catalyzed by half-sandwich indenyl titanium complexes with pendant arene groups and MAO
作者:Yanlu Zhang、Haiyan Ma、Jiling Huang
DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.03.005
日期:2013.7
A series of half-sandwich indenyl titanium complexes [Ind-(bridge)-Ar]TiCl3 (C1-C9) bearing pendant arene group on indenyl ring have been synthesized and used for the catalytic ethylene trimerization to 1-hexene in the presence of MAO. The molecular structures of complexes C3 [Ind-C(cydo-C5H10)-Ph]TiCl3 and C5 [Ind-C(cyclo-C5H10)-(p-MePh)]TiCl3 have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. No intramolecular coordination interaction between the arene moiety and the titanium center could be observed in the solid state of these complexes. At 0 degrees C and 0.8 MPa of ethylene pressure, upon activation with MAO, C3 possesses the highest activity of 1968 kg of 1-hexene/(mol-Tih) and the overall selectivity of 95.9% by mass for 1-hexene, and is also more active than the corresponding cyclopentadienyl analog [Cp-C(cyclo-C5H10)-Ph]TiCl3 (C10) under the identical conditions. The substituents of various steric and electronic effects on the pendant arene group and the bridge unit between the indenyl and this arene group exert great influence on the activity and selectivity of these indenyl titanium complexes for ethylene trimerization to 1-hexene. Similar to cyclopentadienyl analogs, upon activation with MAO the resultant indenyl catalytic systems also show great sensitivity to the temperature. With the increase of the reaction temperature, both the activity and selectivity of 1-hexene declined. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.