代谢
人体组织中始终存在的小量氰化物以大约17微克/千克·分钟的速度被代谢,主要由肝脏酶类硫氰酸酶催化,该酶催化氰化物与硫烷不可逆反应生成硫氰酸盐,这是一种相对无毒的化合物,通过尿液排出体外……在正常条件下,限制因素是作为硫氰酸酶底物的硫烷的可用性,因此硫以硫代硫酸钠的形式被治疗性地给予,以加速这一反应。氰化物的致死剂量与时间有关,因为身体能够通过硫氰酸酶催化反应与硫烷解毒少量氰化物。缓慢吸收的一定量的氰化物可能不会产生任何生物效应,尽管在非常短的时间内给予相同数量的氰化物可能是致命的。/氢氰酸和氯化氰/
The small quantity of cyanide always present in human tissues is metabolized at the approximate rate of 17 ug/kg x min, primarily by the hepatic enzyme rhodanese, which catalyzes the irreversible reaction of cyanide and a sulfane to produce thiocyanate, a relatively nontoxic compound excreted in the urine. ... The limiting factor under normal conditions is the availability of a sulfane as a substrate for rhodanese, and sulfur is administered therapeutically as sodium thiosulfate to accelerate this reaction. The lethal dose of cyanide is time dependent because of the ability of the body to detoxify small amounts of cyanide via the rhodanese-catalyzed reaction with sulfane. A given amount of cyanide absorbed slowly may cause no biological effects even though the same amount administered over a very short period of time may be lethal. /Hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)