Fluorine is a pale yellow gas with a pungent odor. It is commonly shipped as a cryogenic liquid. It is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Contact with skin in lower than lethal concentrations causes chemical burns. It reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and oxygen. It is corrosive to most common materials. It reacts with most combustible materials to the point that ignition occurs. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may violently rupture and rocket.
Fluorides are absorbed from gi tract, lung, and skin. GI tract is major site of absorption. The relatively sol compound, such as sodium fluoride, are almost completely absorbed. ... Fluoride has been detected in all organs and tissues, and it is concentrated in bone, thyroid, aorta, and perhaps kidney. Fluoride is primarily deposited in bone and teeth, and the degree of skeletal storage is related to intake and age. ... Major route of ... excretion is via the kidneys; ... /also excreted in small amount/ in sweat, milk, and intestinal secretions. ... About 90% of fluoride ion filtered by glomerulus is reabsorbed by renal tubules. /fluoride/
Solutions of fluoride salts are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, probably by simple diffusion. ... Less than 10% of the ingested fluoride is excreted in the feces, but the proportion varies with circumstances. ... The simultaneous presence of strongly fluoride-binding ions, especially calcium ions, will reduce the absorption of fluoride. ... In patients ingesting aluminum-containing antacids, fluoride absorption decr to about 40%, and the retention decr to nil. /Fluorides/
In the industrial environment, the respiratory tract is the major route of absorption of both gaseous and particulate fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride being highly soluble in water is rapidly taken up in the upper respiratory tract. ... Depending on their aerodynamic characteristics, fluoride-containing particles will be deposited in the nasopharynx, the tracheo-bronchial tree and the alveoli. ... Dermal absorption of fluoride has only been reported in the case of burns resulting from exposure to hydrofluoric acid ... . /Fluorides/
About 75% of the blood fluoride is present in the plasma; the rest is mainly in or on the red blood cells ... Fluoride in human serum exists in both ionic and nonionic forms. ... For the general population under steady-state conditions of exposure, the concn of fluoride ions in plasma is directly related to the fluoride content of the drinking water. /Fluorides/
全氟异丁烯 、 氟化铯 、 、 正溴丁烷 、 以
二乙二醇二甲醚 为溶剂,
反应 6.0h,
以Confirmation of structure (CF3)3CCH2CH2CH2CH3, was provided by proton and fluorine-19 NMR with supporting data from the chemical literature (Knunyants, I. L., Yakobson, G. G., Synthesis of Fluoroorganic Compounds, Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 1985)的产率得到1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bis-trifluoromethyl-hexane
参考文献:
名称:
Perfluoro-t-butyl-containing steroids for use in fluorine-19 NMR and/or
Process for the preparation of 5-fluoropyrimidines
申请人:Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
公开号:US05145961A1
公开(公告)日:1992-09-08
5-Fluoropyrimidines are obtained in an advantageous manner from halogenated 5-unsubstituted pyrimidines, when these are reacted with elemental fluorine in the presence of a solvent.
Process for fluorinating uracil and derivatives thereof
申请人:PCR, Inc.
公开号:US03954758A1
公开(公告)日:1976-05-04
Direct fluorination of uracil and its derivatives, in the presence of an aqueous solvent, by fluorine gas to produce 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil derivatives is disclosed. Novel compounds produced by the reaction, such as 5,5-difluoro-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrouracil are also disclosed. The derivatives of 5-fluorouracil are useful as germicidal agents while 5-fluorouracil itself is a known cancer chemotherapy agent.
Method of preparing alkali metal fluoroalkylsulfonates of high purity
申请人:Central Glass Company, Limited
公开号:US04925975A1
公开(公告)日:1990-05-15
In preparing a fluoroalkylsulfonate RfSO.sub.3 M, where Rf is a perfluoroalkyl gruop having not more than 6 carbon atoms and M is an alkali metal, by neutralization reaction between a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid RfSO.sub.3 H and an alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide, the reaction is carried out under acidic conditions such that at the end of the reaction pH of the reaction liquid is lower than 6, and preferably not higher than 3. By so maintaining the reaction liquid acidic, the obtained RfSO.sub.3 M becomes very low in the concentrations of anionic impurities such as free fluorine, free chlorine and carbonate radical and, besides becomes low in moisture absorbency.
The present invention relates to the preparation and uses of 1-substituted-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts, specifically 1-hydroxyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts as reagents for the introduction of fluorine in organic compounds.
3-Substituted-3-fluoropyruvic acids and their esters and salts, and
申请人:Daikan Kogyo Co., Ltd.
公开号:US04390702A1
公开(公告)日:1983-06-28
A 3-substituted-3-fluoropyruvic acid and its ester and salt of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a fluorinated lower alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group and R' is a hydrogen atom, an ester-forming residue or a salt-forming residue, and their production.
一种化合物及其酯和盐的化学式为:##STR1## 其中 R 为低碳基、低碳酰基、氟代低碳酰基、取代或未取代苯基或取代或未取代吡啶基,R' 为氢原子、酯形成残基或盐形成残基。本发明涉及该化合物及其酯和盐的制备方法。