Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Bromine pentafluoride (BrF5) is a liquid with a sharp penetrating odor. BrF5 is predominantly used as a fluorinating agent to produce fluorocarbons and as an oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. Metal chlorides, bromides, and iodides are converted to fluorides by treatment with BrF5. Uranium is converted to uranium hexafluoride by strong oxidizing agents, including BrF5. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute exposure to BrF5 can cause redness and tearing of the eyes, coughing, breathing difficulty, and a burning sensation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Direct contact of this substance with the eyes or skin can cause severe thermal and chemical burns and tissue destruction. The acute effect of this substance on the lung is similar to that of phosgene. Individuals with asthma may respond to exposure to respiratory irritants with increased bronchial responsiveness. The elderly and those who are ill may also have increased susceptibility to the effects of irritants. Individuals under stress, such as those involved in emergency situations and individuals engaged in physical activity, will experience greater deposition and pulmonary irritation than individuals at rest. Furthermore, individuals who breathe through their mouths would be at greater risk. ANIMAL STUDIES: BrF5 has been shown to be acutely toxic in animals. Animals exposed to bromine pentafluoride vapor at 500 ppm exhibited immediate symptoms of gasping, swollen eyelids, clouded corneas, tearing, salivation, and acute distress; these symptoms appeared after exposure for a period as short as three minutes. Exposures to 50 ppm were fatal after 30 minutes, and chronic exposures above 3 ppm resulted in severe nephrosis (in some animals), as well as marked hepatosis and severe respiratory involvement.
Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸汽被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
/Investigators/ measured fluoride in rat tissues following exposure to BrF5 at 500 ppm for 30 min or ClF3 at 400 ppm for 15 min... The data show increased fluoride content in the blood and lungs immediately after exposure, which declined over time. Mean fluoride in bone increased from 300 ug/g immediately after exposure to BrF5 to 353 ug/g 20 hr later. After exposure to ClF3, mean fluoride in bone increased from 118 to 172 ug/g over a 24-hr period. Although a small number of animals (four to six) are represented by the mean values and fluoride concentrations in untreated rats varied widely, the data suggest that, at higher concentrations of halogen fluorides, fluoride may be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to bone and other tissues.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Novel Synthesis of ClF<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup> and BrF<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup> Salts
作者:Thorsten Schroer、Karl O. Christe
DOI:10.1021/ic001024+
日期:2001.5.1
reaction with a strong Lewis acid. The application of this principle resulted in new syntheses for ClF(6)(+)AsF(6)(-) and BrF(6)(+)AsF(6)(-) using the highly reactive and thermally unstable NiF(3)(+) cation that was prepared from the reaction of the NiF(6)(2)(-) anion with AsF(5) in anhydrousHF. Attempts to prepare the known KrF(+) and ClO(2)F(2)(+) cations and the yet unknown XeF(7)(+) cation by the
On the XeF<sup>+</sup>/H<sub>2</sub>O System: Synthesis and Characterization of the Xenon(II) Oxide Fluoride Cation, FXeOXeFXeF<sup>+</sup>
作者:Michael Gerken、Matthew D. Moran、Hélène P. A. Mercier、Bernard E. Pointner、Gary J. Schrobilgen、Berthold Hoge、Karl O. Christe、Jerry A. Boatz
DOI:10.1021/ja905060v
日期:2009.9.23
characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-raycrystalstructures of the [Xe(3)OF(3)][PnF(6)] salts contain the Z-shaped FXeOXeFXeF(+) cation, which represents the first example of an isolated Xe(II) oxide fluoride. The crystalstructure of the [H(3)O][AsF(6)] x 2 XeF(2) adduct contains XeF(2) molecules that interact with the H(3)O(+) cations. The vibrational assignments
H(2)OF(+) 阳离子作为 H(2)O 被 [XeF][PnF(6)] (Pn = As, Sb) 在 HF 溶液中氧化氟化的产物的合成已被重新研究. 该系统表现出复杂的平衡,产生两种新的 Xe(II) 化合物,[Xe(3)OF(3)][PnF(6)] 和 [H(3)O][PnF(6)] x 2 XeF(2) ),驳斥了合成 H(2)OF(+) 阳离子的原始主张。两种化合物都已被分离出来,并通过振动光谱和单晶 X 射线衍射表征。[Xe(3)OF(3)][PnF(6)] 盐的 X 射线晶体结构包含 Z 形 FXeOXeFXeF(+) 阳离子,它代表了分离的 Xe(II) 氧化物氟化物的第一个例子. [H(3)O][AsF(6)] x 2 XeF(2) 加合物的晶体结构包含与 H(3)O(+) 阳离子相互作用的 XeF(2) 分子。Xe(3)OF(3)(+) 阳离子的振动分配是在量子化学计算的帮助下进行的,并通过
XeF<sub>2</sub> Coordination to a Halogen Center; Raman Spectra (<i>n</i> = 1, 2) and X-ray Crystal Structures (<i>n</i> = 2) of [BrOF<sub>2</sub>][AsF<sub>6</sub>]·<i>n</i>XeF<sub>2</sub> and [XOF<sub>2</sub>][AsF<sub>6</sub>] (X = Cl, Br)
作者:David S. Brock、Jonathan J. Casalis de Pury、Hélène P. A. Mercier、Gary J. Schrobilgen、Bernard Silvi
DOI:10.1021/ic100712y
日期:2010.7.19
The syntheses and structural characterizations of the [XOF2][AsF6] (X = Cl, Br) salts and the XeF2 adduct-salts, [BrOF2][AsF6]·nXeF2 (n = 1, 2), are described. Although the [XOF2][AsF6] salts have been known for some time, their crystalstructures had not been reported until the present study. The crystalstructure of [BrOF2][AsF6] shows a positional disorder among the oxygen atom and the fluorine
Coordination of KrF<sub>2</sub>
to a Naked Metal Cation, Mg<sup>2+</sup>
作者:Matic Lozinšek、Hélène P. A. Mercier、David S. Brock、Boris Žemva、Gary J. Schrobilgen
DOI:10.1002/anie.201611534
日期:2017.5.22
structures and Raman spectra show that the KrF2 ligands and [AsF6]− anions are F-coordinated to a naked Mg2+ cation. Quantum-chemical calculations are consistent with essentially non-covalent ligand-metal bonding. These compounds significantly extend the XeF2–KrF2 analogy and the limited chemistry of krypton by introducing a new class of coordination compound in which KrF2 functions as a ligand towards a naked
oxygen atom and a sterically active freevalenceelectronpair of bromine occupying the two axial positions and the four fluorine atoms being in the equatorial positions. The bromine centralatom is displaced by about 3° from the equatorial fluorine plane towards oxygen, indicating that in [BrF4O]— the doubly bonded oxygen atom is slightly more repulsive than that of the freevalenceelectronpair of bromine