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氯化溴 | 13863-41-7

中文名称
氯化溴
中文别名
溴化氯
英文名称
Bromine chloride
英文别名
——
氯化溴化学式
CAS
13863-41-7
化学式
BrCl
mdl
——
分子量
115.36
InChiKey
CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -66℃ [HAW93]
  • 沸点:
    decomposes evolving Cl2 at 10℃ [HAW93]
  • 密度:
    5.062g/L [LID94]
  • 溶解度:
    与H2O反应;溶于乙醚,CS
  • 物理描述:
    Bromine chloride appears as a reddish-yellow mobile liquid with an irritating odor. Toxic by ingestion or inhalation, and an irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Prolonged exposure of the containers to intense heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing. Used as an industrial disinfectant.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Dark red liquid (<5 °C)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 2.368
  • 分解:
    Decomposes above 50 °F to produce highly toxic chlorine gas.
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 失火时,消防人员必须穿戴全身防护服并关闭钢瓶阀门。同时用水保持钢瓶冷却,并用雾状水保护关闭阀门的工作人员。 强氧化性物质与可燃物接触会引起剧烈燃烧,具有强腐蚀性。在10℃时会分解放出剧毒和腐蚀性的氯和溴烟雾;遇水反应也会释放有毒和腐蚀性烟雾。这种物质对皮肤、眼睛和黏膜有强烈的刺激性和腐蚀性。 如果吸入蒸汽污染区的受害者应迅速脱离,并安置休息并保暖。严重者需就医诊治,必要时输氧气。如果呼吸停止,必须进行人工呼吸。 眼睛受到刺激或皮肤接触后,要用大量清水冲洗,立即送医救治。 2. 稳定性:该物质稳定。 3. 禁配物:易燃或可燃物。 4. 避免接触的条件:受热、潮湿空气。 5. 聚合危害:不聚合。 6. 分解产物:氯气、溴。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    1.8
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
溴主要通过吸入进入人体,但也可以通过皮肤接触。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的活性,它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中,取代其他卤素。
Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
溴是一种强大的氧化剂,能够从粘膜的水分中释放出氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂,能够造成组织损伤。此外,氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统,导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子取代神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子的结果,从而影响许多突触过程。(L626, L627, A543)
Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂,长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒,可能导致从中睡意到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、瘫痪、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病的中心反应。
Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
所有暴露途径均可能产生严重的局部影响。
Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服(L626);吸入(L626);皮肤给药(L626)
Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    2.3
  • 危险品标志:
    F,Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S26,S36
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38,R11
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • RTECS号:
    AI4930000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    2.3
  • 危险品运输编号:
    2901
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项:应将储存于阴凉、通风的有毒气体专用库房中,库温不宜超过30℃。远离火种和热源,避免与易燃物及食用化学品混存。储区需配备泄漏应急处理设备。

SDS

SDS:1b50dc39da416627b00396f90234cbaf
查看

制备方法与用途

毒性

强氧化性与可燃物接触会引发剧烈燃烧,并具有强烈的腐蚀性。在10℃时会分解放出剧毒且腐蚀性的氯和溴烟雾,与水反应也会释放有毒及腐蚀性的烟雾。对皮肤、眼睛和黏膜有很强的刺激性和腐蚀作用。

应立即将吸入蒸气的患者移至清新的空气中,安置休息并保暖。病情严重者应及时就医,并提供氧气支持。如呼吸停止,则需进行人工呼吸。如果眼睛受到刺激或皮肤接触,请立即用大量清水冲洗,并迅速送医治疗。

化学性质

这种物质是一种橘红色、挥发性且不稳定的液体或气体,相对密度为5.062 g/L,熔点为-66℃,沸点为10℃时分解并释放氯气。它能溶于水、二硫化碳和乙醚。

用途

主要用于工业消毒剂及废水处理。

生产方法

通过合成法将溴加入反应器中,在搅拌状态下通入氯气进行反应。反应产物会进入干冰冷却的捕集器内,制得氯化溴后进行蒸馏,最终储存在铂制或充分干燥的钢瓶中。其化学方程式为: [ \text{Br}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{BrCl} ]

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    GNANADOSS L.; KALAVATHY V., INDIAN J. CHEM., 1979, B18, NO 4, 375-376
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 盐酸溶剂黄146 、 tin(ll) chloride 作用下, 生成 氯化溴
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Boeeseken; Cohen, Biochemische Zeitschrift, 1928, vol. 201, p. 457,458
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • Intermediates for the preparation of gamma-pyrones
    申请人:Pfizer Inc.
    公开号:US04387235A1
    公开(公告)日:1983-06-07
    2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one is prepared by contacting 1(2-furyl)-1-ethanol in aqueous solution with two equivalents of a halogen oxidant at room temperature and then heating until the hydrolysis of the formed 4-halo-dihydropyran intermediate is substantially complete. Other valuable related gammapyrones are prepared in analogous manner from appropriate alcohols.
    2-甲基-3-羟基-4H-吡喃-4-酮是通过将1(2-呋喃基)-1-乙醇在水溶液中与两当量的卤素氧化剂接触,并在室温下加热,直到形成的4-卤代二氢吡喃中间体的水解基本完成而制备的。从适当的醇类类似地制备其他有价值的相关γ-吡喃酮。
  • Alkyne compounds with MCH antagonistic activity and medicaments comprising these compounds
    申请人:Stenkamp Dirk
    公开号:US20050245529A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-11-03
    Alkyne compounds of formula I wherein A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R 1 , and R 2 have the meanings given herein, which have MCH-receptor antagonistic activity and are useful for preparing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, particularly obesity and diabetes.
    化合物I的式子为:其中A、B、W、X、Y、Z、R1和R2的含义如下所述,具有MCH受体拮抗活性,并且适用于制备用于治疗代谢障碍和/或进食障碍,特别是肥胖症和糖尿病的药物组合物。
  • Preparation of gamma-pyrones
    申请人:Pfizer Inc.
    公开号:US04147705A1
    公开(公告)日:1979-04-03
    2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one is prepared by contacting 1(2-furyl)-1-ethanol in aqueous solution with two equivalents of a halogen oxidant at room temperature and then heating until the hydrolysis of the formed 4-halo-dihydropyran intermediate is substantially complete. Other valuable related gamma-pyrones are prepared in analogous manner from appropriate alcohols.
    2-甲基-3-羟基-4H-吡喃-4-酮是通过将1(2-呋喃基)-1-乙醇在水溶液中与两当量的卤素氧化剂接触,然后加热至形成的4-卤代二氢吡喃中间体的水解基本完成而制备的。其他有价值的相关γ-吡喃酮也可以用适当的醇类似的方法制备。
  • Process for producing 4-bromo-2-chlorophenols
    申请人:Societe Anonyme pour l'Industrie Chimique
    公开号:US04223166A1
    公开(公告)日:1980-09-16
    A process for the production of 4-bromo-2-chloro-phenols of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents hydrogen or chlorine is disclosed which process comprises the bromination of a 2-chlorphenol of the formula ##STR2## wherein X has the meaning given above in the presence of a compound of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or the phenyl or benzyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine or the hydrogen sulfate anion. The new process substantially avoids the undesired formation of the 2,6-isomers and the 4-bromo-2-chlorophenols are obtained in excellent purity.
    本发明公开了一种生产式为##STR1##其中X代表氢或氯的4-溴-2-氯苯酚的方法,该方法包括在式为##STR2##其中X具有上述给定的含义的2-氯苯酚存在下,使用式为##STR3##其中R.sub.1代表具有1至8个碳原子的烷基基团,苯基或苄基,R.sub.2和R.sub.3彼此独立地表示具有1至8个碳原子的烷基基团,R.sub.4代表氢或具有1至8个碳原子的烷基基团,X代表氯,溴或碘或氢硫酸根离子的存在下进行溴化。新的方法大大避免了2,6-异构体的不良形成,4-溴-2-氯苯酚以极高的纯度获得。
  • Process for producing 2-halo-4-bromophenols
    申请人:Ciba-Geigy Corporation
    公开号:US04210766A1
    公开(公告)日:1980-07-01
    A process for the production of 2-halo-4-bromophenols of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents chlorine or bromine, is disclosed, which process comprises reacting a brominating agent with a 2-halophenol in the presence of a mixed catalyst consisting of a halide of zinc, iron, aluminium or cobalt, and a diphenyl sulfide of the formula ##STR2## in which R represents methyl or halogen, and n represents 0 to 3. The new process substantially avoids the formation of undesired 2,6-isomers and the 2-halo-4-bromophenols of the above formula are obtained in excellent yield and purity.
    本发明公开了一种制备式为##STR1##的2-卤代-4-溴苯酚的方法,其中X代表氯或溴,该方法包括在混合催化剂的存在下,将溴化剂与2-卤代苯酚反应,所述混合催化剂由锌、铁、铝或钴的卤化物和式为##STR2##的二苯基硫化物组成,其中R代表甲基或卤素,n代表0至3。新的方法可大大避免不需要的2,6-异构体的形成,上述式子的2-卤代-4-溴苯酚可以获得良好的收率和纯度。
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