作者:Thomas M. Klapötke、Peter Mayer、Jörg Stierstorfer、Jan J. Weigand
DOI:10.1039/b811273h
日期:——
The acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction of sodium dicyanamide and sodium azide in the ratio of 1 : 2 afforded 5,5â²-bis(1H-tetrazolyl)amine (H2bta, 2) in high yield (88%) as the monohydrate. Dehydration of 2·H2O at elevated temperature and reduced pressure gave anhydrous 2, while recrystallization from DMSO yielded 2·H2O·DMSO. 2 was converted into 5,5â²-bis(2-methyltetrazolyl)methylamine (Me3bta, 6) in two steps. In the first step, 2 was twice deprotonated with sodium hydroxide and alkylated with MeI producing 5,5â²-bis(2-methyltetrazolyl)amine (Me2bta, 5) in moderate yield (55%). The second step involved the alkylation of 5 with dimethyl sulfate in alkaline solution (72%). In all cases, the obtained colorless, crystalline compounds were fully characterized by vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, X-ray structure determination, and initial safety testing (impact, friction and electrical spark sensitivity). According to the UN Recommendations for the âTransport of Dangerous Goodsâ, compounds 2·H2O, 5, and 6 are classified as âinsensitiveâ while 2 is described as âsensitiveâ. The thermal behaviors were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The heats of formation (ÎfHm° (2*H2O) = 203 kJ molâ1, ÎfHm° (2) = 633 kJ molâ1, ÎfHm° (5) = 350 kJ molâ1, ÎfHm° (6) = 583kJ molâ1) were calculated using heats of combustion (Îcomb.H (2·H2O) = â1714 kJ molâ1, Îcomb.H (2) = â1858 kJ molâ1, Îcomb.H (5) = â2932 kJ molâ1, Îcomb.H (6) = â3843 kJ molâ1) obtained from oxygen bomb calorimetry. In addition, explosion parameters such as the detonation velocity (D(2·H2O) = 7792 m sâ1, D(2) = 9120 m sâ1, D(5) = 7291 m sâ1, D(6) = 7851 m sâ1) and detonation pressure (P(2·H2O) = 220 kbar, P(2) = 343 kbar, P(5) = 172 kbar, P(6) = 205 kbar) were calculated using the program EXPLO5. âKoenen testsâ were successfully performed for compound 2 using critical diameters of 8 mm and 10 mm.
二氰胺钠和叠氮化钠以 1:2 的比例进行酸催化环化反应,以高收率 (88%) 得到一水合物 5,5-双(1H-四唑基)胺 (H2bta, 2)。 2·H2O在高温减压下脱水得到无水2,而从DMSO中重结晶得到2·H2O·DMSO。 2分两步转化为5,5-双(2-甲基四唑基)甲胺(Me3bta, 6)。在第一步中,2 用氢氧化钠两次去质子化,并用 MeI 烷基化,以中等产率 (55%) 生成 5,5α-双(2-甲基四唑基)胺 (Me2bta, 5)。第二步涉及在碱性溶液(72%)中用硫酸二甲酯将5烷基化。在所有情况下,所获得的无色结晶化合物均通过振动(红外、拉曼)光谱、多核核磁共振光谱、质谱、元素分析、X 射线结构测定和初始安全测试(冲击、摩擦和电火花敏感性)进行了充分表征。 )。根据联合国“危险货物运输”建议,化合物 2·H2O、5 和 6 被归类为“不敏感”,而 2 被描述为“敏感”。使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究热行为。形成热 (ΔfHm° (2*H2O) = 203 kJ mol–1, ΔfHm° (2) = 633 kJ mol–1, ΔfHm° (5) = 350 kJ mol–1 1、ΔfHm°(6)=583kJ mol–1)使用燃烧热计算(Δcomb.H(2·H2O)=–1714 kJ mol–1,Δcomb.H( 2) = ≤1858 kJ mol ≤1, Δcomb.H (5) = ≤2932 kJ mol ≤1, Δcomb.H (6) = ≤3843 kJ mol ≤1 )从氧弹量热法获得。另外,爆炸参数如爆速(D(2·H2O) = 7792 m s−1, D(2) = 9120 m s−1, D(5) = 7291 m s−1, D (6) = 7851 m s±1) 和爆炸压力 (P(2·H2O) = 220 kbar, P(2) = 343 kbar, P(5) = 172 kbar, P(6) = 205 kbar)使用 EXPLO5 程序计算。使用 8 毫米和 10 毫米的临界直径成功地对化合物 2 进行了“Koenen 测试”。